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SS Final Review G:7
Social Studies 7 Final Review Flashcards!
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| to change | adapt |
| continuing or long-lasting topic that is up for debate and discussion | enduring issue |
| the customs, arts, social institutions, and achievements of a particular social group | culture |
| negative factor that drives people from a place | push factor |
| positive factor that drives people into a place | pull factor |
| 5 types of geographical features | plains, mountains, oceans, lakes and rivers |
| Climate of Native American Group: Iroquois | Continental |
| Climate of Native American Group: Sioux | Continental |
| Climate of Native American Group: Anasazi | Hot and dry |
| Wearing warmer clothes in the winter and building shelters or longhouses out of wood and bark, the materials they had. | How the Iroquois adapted to their environment |
| Wearing warmer clothes in their freezing winters and by living in tipis which were transportable since they were nomadic following one of the extremely important resources, the buffalo. | How the Sioux adapted to their environment |
| Made irrigation systems for farming to help manage how much water plants got and used the cliffs and plateaus for shelter. | How the Anasazi adapted to their environment |
| an account or record (such as a first-hand account, newspaper report or a photograph or an audio or video recording) reflecting direct experience of an event that is being research or studied | primary source |
| accounts that retell, analyze or interpret events, usually at a distance of time or place | secondary source |
| how people in a community or society organize themselves to live together. It includes things like families, schools, and how people interact with each other every day. | Social System |
| how a government organizes laws and rules to help run a country, state, or community. It includes things like elections, leaders, and how decisions are made for everyone. | Political System |
| how a society organizes the buying, selling, and making of goods and services. It includes things like jobs, money and businesses that help people get what they need and want. | Economic System |
| set of connected parts that form a whole | System |
| people, society, social structure, religion | Social System |
| governments, laws | Political System |
| job industries, money, resources | Economic System |
| the ship that transported Africans to America | Middle Passage |
| What system did the middle passage involve? | The Southern economy, although some people in the North and Middle Colonies did have slaves. They had slaves do their planting for them. |
| What was the triangular trade? | Sugar, rum and slaves |
| colonies sell raw materials to England at a low price; England manufactures goods out of raw materials and sends them back to the colonies at a high price | Mercantilism |
| Who did Mercantilism benefit. | Mercantilism benefited England |
| a crop that is produced for its commercial value rather than for use by the grower | cash crop |
| Examples of cash crops | tobacco, corn |
| New England Colonies; Geography | Rocky soil (not used for large farming), ocean |
| New England Colonies; Economic | fishing, sailing, shipbuilding |
| New England Colonies; Social | protestant work-ethic 6 days a week |
| New England Colonies; Political | seeking religious freedom |
| Middle Colonies; Geography | woodsy |
| Middle Colonies; Economic | lumberjacks, ship builders and captains |
| Middle Colonies; Social | Quakers: members of the Religious Society of Friends; Devoted to peaceful principals; Open to religious tolerance and diversity |
| Middle Colonies; Political | Indentured servant: a person who came to America and was placed under a contract to work for one another over a period of time |
| Southern Colonies; Geography | Hills and forests, not very fertile soil |
| Southern Colonies; Economic | Mercantilism, cash crop = tobacco, traded: sugar, rum and slaves |
| Southern Colonies; Social | Jamestown colony: not enough hard-working people, Starving Times (1609-1610) |
| Southern Colonies; Political | Jamestown colony: conflict with the Native Americans (Powhatan Tribe) |
| The Lost Colony | Roanoke |
| Starving Time | Jamestown |
| Religious freedom | Middle Colonies |
| Witch trails | Salem |
| Religious freedom | Pennsylvania |
| Required colonists to house the British troops and supply them with food. | Quartering Act |
| American colonist could not buy tea unless it came from the East India Company. They were not doing so well and the British wanted to give it more business. The American colonists saw this law as yet another means of "taxation without representation" | Tea Act |
| All printed materials/ printed goods are taxed, including newspapers, pamphlets, bills, legal documents and even playing cards. | Stamp Act |
| The Coercive known in the colonies as the "Intolerable Acts" was a reaction to the Boston Tea Party. These acts included the closing of the port of Boston, until the East India Tea Company received compensation for the tea dumped into the harbor. | Intolerable Acts |
| Against something | Opposed |
| Colonists who supported colonial independence (wanted to break away from Great Britain) | Patriot |
| Colonist who supported Great Britain (remained loyal to GB) | Loyalist |
| Falsely leading someone to believe something | Propaganda |
| British government | Parliament |
| Organized group of Patriots Founded by Samuel Adams in Boston, 1765 Protested British taxes and policies Something violet motto: "No taxation without representation" | Sons of Liberty |
| The French and Indian War broke out over the vast area of land bordered by the Appalachian Mountains to the east (the western boundaries of the 13 English colonies), and the Mississippi River to the West This land was known as the Ohio River Valley. | French and Indian War |
| September 5th 1774 - October 26th 1774 Carpenter's Hall in Philadelphia Created a list of personal rights Discussed how the Intolerable Acts were unfair and sent a letter to King George the Third asking him to repeal - KG the Third ignored them | Continental Congress |
| 1st president of the U.S. | George Washington |
| Sons of Liberty Motto | "No Taxation Without Representation" |
| December 16th, 1773 342 chest of tea (valued at approximately 1.7 million in today's currency) forced colonists who bought the tea to pay a British tax Many hundreds more followed to watch the destruction of the tea returned to England | Boston Tea Party |
| A violent and threating protest in which the Sons of Liberty hung a scarecrow from a tree saying to British tax collectors and loyalists this will be you. It made them scared to do their jobs. | Liberty Tree |
| An effective threating and violent protest that made British tax collectors scared to do their job. They put tar and feather on British tax collectors, literally scaring them for life. | Tar and Feathering |
| March 5th, 11 colonists were wounded and 5 were killed by British soldiers commanded by Captain Thomos Preston, after the colonists were throwing rocks and snowballs at them. It is unknown who yelled fire | Boston Massacre |
| Benjamin Franklin created this image of a broken up snake representing each of the colonies (except Georgia and grouping New England colonies) saying join the colonies or you will die. | Join or Die |
| Who won the French and Indian War? | The British, with almost all French Territory in North America handed over to the British. |
| Regions of the USA | West, Midwest, Northeast, Southwest and Southeast |
| 1. 10,000 years Ago Early Native Americans (10,000 -5,000 years ago) were primitive 2. 5,000 Years ago more advanced cultures developed -farming/agriculture | Early Americans |
| culture groups are more permanent; can stay in one place cooperation increased to increase food supply larger/more dependent food supply= population increase more advanced language systems developed more advanced cultures/civilizations developed | Effects of Farming on Americans |
| "Where You Live Determines How You Live" Different Native American groups formed based on what was available to them in their environment: The Anasazi of the Southwest The Iroquois of the Northeast The Sioux of the Great Plains | Creation of Distinct Native American Tribes |
| 4 Seasons (Winter, Spring, Summer and Fall) Farming Hunting Longhouses | The Iroquois of the Northeast |
| Hot and Dry Summers Cold and Wet Winters Nomadic Major Natural Resources: buffalo/bison Tipis | The Sioux of the Great Plains |
| Arid and Hot Climate-Little Water Hunters and Gatherers Farmers - Terrance farming along the Rio Grande River Corn, beans, squash, - The Three Sisters Cliff Dwellings and Pueblos | The Anasazi of the Southwest |
| EUROPEAN LAND RACE to acquire territory in the New World | Reason for Exploration |
| Destruction of Native American population by disease and conflict | Result of Exploration |
| Cultural Diffusion of goods and ideas from Europe to the New World | Columbian Exchange |
| interactions with Natives (positive and negative) | Christopher Columbus |
| 1st attempt at a permanent English settlement. Known as "The Lost Colony" Colony disappeared 3 years later with the word "Croatoan" carved into a tree... this settlement is a failure | Roanoke (1587) |
| 2nd attempt at a permanent English settlement Settlement at Jamestown is considered a success (growth of cash crop tobacco) | Jamestown (1607) |
| a long winter of famine and death | "Starving Time" |
| John Smith married Pocahontas | "Peace Time" |
| Cold winters, warm Summers Major Natural Resource: The Atlantic Ocean | New England Colonies |
| strict work ethic, strict interpretation of the Bible | PURITAN LIFESTYLE |
| Economic Aspects of New England Colonies | Whaling, Fishing, Shipbuilding, Trading |
| representative democracy town meetings | Political Aspects |
| left England because of religious persecution (separatists) Arrived in the New World seeking religious freedom Pilgrims founded Plymouth County | Plymouth Massachusetts |
| example of self government in the New World (Representative Democracy) | Mayflower Compact (1620) |
| Relationship to the Church of England; Sought to separate completely and form independent congregations | Pilgrims |
| Relationship to the Church of England; Sought to reform from the Church within | Puritans |
| Theology and Worship; Shared Calvinist beliefs but rejected all ties to the state church | Pilgrims |
| Theology and Worship; Calvinists; emphasized discipline, Scripture, and a moral covenant community | Puritans |
| Motive for Migration; To escape persecution and practice faith freely | Pilgrims |
| Motive for Migration; To create a reformed, model Christian society in New England | Puritans |
| Timeline; Arrived in 1620 aboard the MAYFLOWER (Plymouth County) | Pilgrims |
| Timeline; Major migration began in the 1630s (Massachusetts Bay County) | Puritans |
| Church Governance; Practiced congregational self-governance- free from state control | Pilgrims |
| Church Governance; Favored reform of existing church structure; many retained Anglican forms | Puritans |
| Mild Winters, Warm Summers Natural Resources: Fertile Soil, Harbors | Middle Colonies |
| Population was diverse Religious Tolerance | Social Aspects of the Middle Colonies |
| Breadbasket of the 13 colonies (Grew Grains) Trading and Shipping | Economic Aspects of Middle Colonies |
| Warm Winters, Hot Summers Natural Resources: Fertile Soil Cash Crops - Cotton, Tobacco, Rice and Indigo | Southern Colonies |
| Segregation between races Plantation life- isolated | Social Aspects of Southern Colonies |
| Cash Crops; Slave Trade | Economic Aspects of Southern Colonies |
| was the sea journey of slave ships form West Africa to the American Colonies largest movement of people in history Slaves chained together, forced in dark, cramped quarters below ship's deck Between 10 -15 million Africans forcibly transported | Middle Passage |
| a system in which SLAVES, CROPS, and MANUFACTURED GOODS were traded between Africa, and the Americans (American Colonies and Caribbean) and Europe | Triangular Trade |
| Colonies exist to benefit the Mother Country's economic success 13 colonies were making Great Britain wealthy but not the colonies. | Mercantilism |
| Conflict between Great Britain and France over territory in North America (Ohio Valley, border areas close to Canada) | French and Indian War |
| Ends the war and changes possession of territories | Treaty of Paris |
| English settlers cannot settle beyond the Appalachian Mountains But why???? The King of England wanted the colonists to stay close to the coast to control the population To avoid conflict with the Native American populations | Proclamation of 1763 |
| Some colonists sided with England and supported the presence of British rule over the colony | Loyalists |
| Led by "The Sons of Liberty" Some Colonists sought independence from the British Led the resistance movement | Patriots |
| group of Patriots who used extreme form of civil disobedience-threats, and in some causes actual violence to intimidate loyalists+outrage the British government Organized protests against British rule and taxation Responsible for the Boston Tea Party | Sons of Liberty |
| refuse to purchase British goods | Boycott |
| illegally bringing goods into the colonies without the British government knowing to avoid taxes | Smuggling |
| written requests with many signatures to repeal the taxes put into place. | Petitions |
| to reverse a law/act | Repeal |
| hot liquid tar would be poured onto a person scalding their skin, feathers would be thrown onto them and they would be paraded around town humiliated | Tar and feathering |
| a series of rules and taxes that made life for the colonists difficult | The Intolerable Acts |
| tax on sugar and molasses | The Sugar Act of 1764 |
| tax on all paper goods | Stamp Act of 1765 |
| colonists must provide British Soldiers with housing. | The Quartering Act of 1765 |
| tax placed on tea | Tea Act of 1773 |
| The Rights of All People List on Complaints to the King and Parliament Granting Freedom and Independence to the colonies | Declared the Reasons for American Independence |
| American Patriot, artist of Boston Massacre painting, and warned the colonists that "The British Are Coming!" | Paul Revere |
| British General during the Revolutionary War, surrendered at the Battle of Yorktown | General Cornwallis |
| led the American military during the Revolutionary War, Commander in Chief | George Washington |
| best known for writing "Common Sense" a pamphlet that encouraged American Independence from Britain | Thomas Paine |
| Founder of the Sons of Liberty, organized the Boston Tea Party | Samuel Adams |
| "The Shot Heard Round the World-" was the BEGINNING of the American Revolution | THE BATTLES OF LEXINGTON AND CONCORD |
| showed that the Patriots would be hard to defeat | Battle of Bunker Hill |
| An American victory and encouraged French to enter the war as an ally to the Americans | The Battle of Saratoga: turning point of the war. |
| showed the commitment of the Americans under very harsh conditions. Continental soldiers received proper training and became a more disciplined fighting force. | The Winter at Valley Forge |
| the last battle of the war. The Americans were able to defeat the British with help of their French allies. | The Battle of Yorktown |
| Ended the American Revolution and recognized American Independence | The Treaty of Paris (1783) |
| 1st ATTEMPT made to have a US GOVERNMENT AFTER THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION (STATES HAD MORE POWER THAN THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ..... FAILURE) | The Articles of Confederation |
| 41 | |
| the first constitution of the United States, on November 15, 1777. The articles created a loose confederation of sovereign states and a weak central government, leaving most of the power with the states governments. | The Articles of Confederation |
| exposed the weakness of the government under the Articles of Confederation | Shays' Rebellion |
| The need for a stronger Federal government soon became apparent and eventually led to (BLANK) in 1787. In Philadelphia it met between May and September of 1787 to address problems of the weak central government that existed under Articles of Confederation | Constitutional Convection |
| was an agreement reached during the CONSTITUTIONAL CONVECTION between delegates of the states with large and small populations regarding the number of representatives each state would have in Congress | Great Compromise |
| House of Representatives | based on population |
| Senate | Equal representation |
| 3/5 Slaves count toward population when determining number of representatives in government | The Three-Fifths Compromise |
| balances power between states and the National government | Federalism |
| systems by which each branch of government can check and control the action of the other branches. This prevents one branch from using its power unfairly. | Checks and Balances |
| the powers of government are divided among separate branches (3). This is to make sure that no one group or person possesses all the power of the government. | Separation of Powers |
| First 10 Amendments to the Constitution that guarantee rights that the government must protect. | Bill of Rights |
| Freedom of Speech, Religion, Press, Assembly and Petition | 1st Amendment |
| The Right to Bear Arms | 2nd Amendment |
| Protection from unreasonable search and seizure | 4th Amendment |
| Established federal authority by suppressing the domestic Whiskey Rebellion and maintaining strict NEUTRALITY during the conflict between Britain and France. In his Farewell Address he warns against political parties and promotes neutrality. | George Washington |
| passed the restrictive Alien and Sedition Acts, issues with France (XYZ Affair). | John Adams |
| Reduced domestic federal taxes and debt while purchasing the vast Louisiana Territory, and passed the foreign Embargo Act of 1807 to counter British and French interference with American shipping. | Thomas Jefferson |
| primary cause was British violations of American maritime rights including restriction of US trade w/ Europe forced recruitment (impressment) of American sailors into Royal Navy + British support for Native American resistance against US western expansion | The War of 1812 |
| in the 1800s the United States believed in the idea that the US should expand to the Pacific Ocean | Manifest Destiny |
| was purchased for $15 million from France and nearly doubled the size of the United States; one of the first major land acquisition of the United States | Louisiana Purchase |
| Many moved to California in the year 1849, and they were called 49ers. There were other travelers who moved out west. One group moved to California during the... | California Gold Rush |
| Many settlers traveled on this. The travelers were Pioneers headed to Oregon | Oregon Trail |
| gave president the power to negotiate treaties with Native Nations to remove them from their lands; while many Americans were settling lands out west, Native Americans including the Cherokee were forcibly moved from their homeland in the South due to this | Indian Removal Act |
| forced displacement of members of Cherokee from ancestral lands southeastern US to territories west of Mississippi River mostly Oklahoma Forced relocation authorized by Indian Removal Act resulted in immense suffering+loss life among displaced population | Trial of Tears |
| One major change occurred in the North. including cotton gin, water powered machines, and manufacturing methods of making interchangeable parts were introduced that MADE FACTORIES QUICKER AND CHEAPER. | New technologies |
| New technologies lead to this, the development of cities. It mostly occurred in the North. | Urbanization |
| accelerated economic growth, technological innovation, and mass production, but it also created severe urban overcrowding, unsafe working conditions, and the widespread exploitation of child labor in hazardous factories and mimes. | THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION |
| Social changes also occurred during this time. One reform moment was this. The first major event was held in Seneca Falls, NY and was called the Seneca Falls Convection. | WOMEN'S RIGHTS MOVEMENT |
| drafted by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and adopted at the 1843 Seneca Falls Convection, served as a powerful call for women's rights, particularly suffrage and equal rights in various areas of life. | DECLARATION OF SENTIMENTS |
| Another reform movement called for end of slavery Some major abolitionists: Harriet Tubman Frederick Douglass and William Loyd Garrison major ways abolitionists fought slavery was publishing newsletters + books bringing attention to horrors of slavery | ABOLITIONISTS MOVEMENT |
| US expanded westward, the debates on whether new territories should not allow slavery started to divide the country over social and economic differences Division led to this which is loyalty to one's section or region over the country as a whole | Sectionalism |
| Many compromises and Acts that were aimed to avoid making a final decision on slavery in the territories. Some of these compromises were... | The Missouri Compromise The Compromise of 1850 The Kansas-Nebraska Act |
| allowed citizens in the Kansas and Nebraska territory to decide whether or not they would have slavery in the territory. This led to a major increase of settlers in the territory for the vote. This led to a lot of violence in the territories. | Kansas-Nebraska Act |
| As compromises fail to address the issue of slavery, violence erupts over the issue, Abolitionist John Brown instigates this using the violence to kill pro-slavery settlers. He also organizes raids on Harper Ferry. | 'Bleeding Kansas' |
| the intent to steal weapons from the federal arsenal and lead a slave rebellion, He is eventually captured, put on trial, and executed for treason. | raid on Harpers Ferry |
| The country was so divided that when he won the election of 1860, eleven Southern states seceded from the Union. This lead to the start of the American Civil War. | Abraham Lincoln |
| As President, Lincoln's main goal throughout the Civil War was to what and bring the Southern States back into the United States? | preserve the Union |
| In the war, the North and South had advantages and disadvantages.; were more industrialized, had more cities, and more factories. | The North |
| In the war, the North and South had advantages and disadvantages.; was more agricultural, had fewer cities and factories but fought on their lands. | The South |
| Sparked the Civil War when Confederate forces fired on the federal fort in South Carolina. | Fort Sumter |
| Marked the bloodiest single day in American history and enabled Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation. | Antietam |
| Served as the military turning point in the East, halting Robert E. Lee's invasion of the North | Gettysburg |
| Triggered violent working-class protests against the Union military draft that quickly escalated into deadly race riots targeting African Americans and federal property. | NYC Draft Riots |
| Demonstrated the immense bravery of African American soldiers during their heroic but costly assault on a Confederate stronghold in South Carolina. | 54th Regiment/Fort Wagner |
| Secured Union control of the Mississippi River, effectively the splitting the Confederacy in two pieces. | Vicksburg |
| Destroyed military and civilian infrastructure across Georgia, crippling the Southern will to fight. | Sherman's March |
| Ended the fighting of the war with Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant. | Appomattox |
| During the War, Lincoln issued this, which released all enslaved people in the Confederate states from slavery. He did this in hopes that it would weaken the South's economy and encourage newly freed people to move to the North and fight in the Union army | Emancipation Proclamation |
| The Civil War eventually ended when (BLANK) surrendered to (BLANK) in Appomattox Court House. | The Civil War eventually ended when General Robert E. Lee surrender to General Ulysses S. Grant in Appomattox Court House. |
| families rent small plots of land from a landowner (usually former slave owner) in return for a portion of their crop | Sharecropping |
| laws that limited the rights and freedoms of African Americans | Black Codes |
| segregation of whites and blacks in all public places | Jim Crow Laws |
| white supremacy group that terrorized African Americans | Ku Klux Klan (KKK) |
| abolishes slavery, granted citizenship, granted voting rights | Passage of the 13TH, 14TH, 15TH AMENDMENTS |
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