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BCH II-PPP & Krebs
Balliet Fall 2010
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| PPP makes what? | NADPH & Ribose 5P |
| NADPH is need for synthesis of what? | FA, cholesterol, steroid hormones, bilt salts |
| Ribose 5P is needed for synthesis of what? | Nucelotides, DNA, RNA |
| PPP Is AKA? | Hexose Monophosphate Shunt |
| When pentoses are not needed they are cycled back to _______? | Fructose |
| PPP begins with _______ and returns as _______ | G6P, F6P |
| What are the 2 stages of PPP? | Redox (irreversible); Inter-conversion (reversible) |
| PPP runs how many times? to make what? | 3 times to make 3 ribulose 5P |
| What is the location of the Krebs cycle? | matrix of Mitochondria |
| What is the purpose of Krebs? | Biosynthesis & energy production |
| What is the start molecule for Krebs? | Acetyl CoA |
| What are the products of Krebs? | 3NADH + FADH2 + 2CO2 + GTP |
| How is Acetyl CoA produced? | 1) gluc --> pyruvate --> mitochondria --> Acetyl CoA + CO2 2) Triglycerides --> FA (via carnitine into mitochondria) --> Acetyl CoA 3) AA enter as intermediates to Krebs |
| What are all the vitamins needed for pyruvate DH complex? | B1,2,3,5, Lipoic acid |
| Pyruvate DH complex is a bridge btw ___ & ____? | Carbs & TCA cycle |
| Regulation of Pyruvate DH complex occurse via __ & __ activity of __ | kinase, phosphatase, PDH |
| What type of protein is Aconitase? | Fe-S protein |
| Does acetyl CoA product glucose? | No....it's ketogenic |
| Carbons derived from fat _____ contribute to net synthesis of glucose | cannot |
| What is the allosteric enzyme in krebs? | Isocitrate DH...inhibited by high level of NADH & ATP |
| Alpha Ketoglutarate DH requires what vitamins? It is similar to what enzyme? | B1,2,3,5, lipoic acid. PDH |
| Succinate thiokinase is aka? | Succinyl CoA Synthase |
| Succinyl CoA makes what? | Heme |
| What is embedded in inner mitochondrial membrane? It is a component of what? | Succinate DH. Complex II in cytochrome chain |
| What enzyme converts fumarate to malate? | Fumarase |
| What what does fumarase require? | water |
| What enzyme converts malate to oxaloacetate? and what does it produce? | Malate DH, NADH |
| What enzymes go through substrate-level phosphorylation? | Phosphoglycerate kinase, pyruvate kindase, succinyl-CoA synthetase |
| Where does substrate-level phosphorylation occur? | Cytoplasm/matrix |
| What is unique about Substrate phosphorylation? | Doesn't go through Electron Transport |
| Where does Oxidative phosphorylation take place? | Mitochondria |
| What enzymes go through oxidative phosphorylation? | G3P DH, Pyruvate DH, Isocitrate DH, alpha ketoglutarate DH, Succinate DH, Malate DH |
| What allosteric enzyme regulates for carbs only? | Pyruvate DH |
| What allosteric enzyme regulates for proteins and fats? | Isocitrate DH |
| TCA cycle is regulated by what two factors? | Allosteric regulation of DH by availability of NAD+, availability of OAA |
| Pyruvate DH rate of production is increased by what? | Increased levels NAD+, pyruvate & CoASH; PDH phosphatase; Insulin, Ca (anaerobic muscle ctx) |
| Pyruvate DH rate of production is decreased by what? | Increased levels of NADH & Acetyl-CoA; PDH Kinase; Increased fat metabolism (during fasting or aerobic exercise) |
| What effect does a high carb diet have on OAA and TCA cycle? | Increases OAA & rate of TCA cycle |
| What effect does a low carb diet have on OAA and TCA cycle? | Decreases OAA & rate of TCA cycle |
| Isocitrate DH is allosterically inhibited by what? | ATP & NADH |
| High levels of citric acid have what effect on Krebs? | Allosteric inhibition of PFK, Increases FA synthesis (increases triglycerides and adipose) |
| AA that are converted to Pyruvate | Alanine (SGPT), Glycine, Serine, Threonine, Cyteine, Tryptophan [make urea in liver --> SGPeeT] |
| AA converted to Alpha Keto-glutarate | Glutamate, Histadine, Arginine, Proline [I'm HAP-G to make alpha keto-glut] |
| AA converted to Succinyl CoA | Valine, Isolueucine, Methionine [I have VIM & vigor] |
| AA converted to Fumarate | Phenylalanine, Tyrosine, Aspartate [PAT is fuming] |
| AA converted to OAA | Aspartate, Asparagine [enzyme SGOT] |
| AA converted to Acetyle CoA | Leu (ketogenic), Tryptophan, Isoleucine |
| Tryptophan enters TCA cycle at what point? | Pyruvate |
| Isoleucine enters TCA cycle at what point? | Succinyl CoA |
| AA converted to Acetoacetate | Leucine, Lysine, Phenylalanine, Tyrosine, Tryptophan |
| What AA enter TCA cycle at Fumarate? | Phenylalanine, Tyrosine |
Created by:
mrw2013
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