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Crusades
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Pope Urban II | — The leader of the Christian church in Western Europe who asked people to join the First Crusade; he urged Christians to travel to the Holy Land to help other Christians and to reclaim sacred places. |
| Saladin | — A Muslim military and political leader who united people in the Middle East and recaptured Jerusalem from the Crusaders; he is remembered for his leadership and for sometimes showing mercy to his enemies. |
| King Richard I (Richard the Lionheart) | — The English king known for fighting in the Third Crusade; he was a famous military leader who tried to win back control of the Holy Land. |
| Palestine | — A region in the Middle East that includes important cities like Jerusalem; during the time of the Crusades it was the land where many battles and religious events took place. |
| Holy Land | — The area around Jerusalem and other nearby places that are very important and sacred to Christians, Muslims, and Jews; people from different faiths wanted control of this land for religious reasons. |
| Muslims | — People who follow Islam, a major world religion; during the Crusades many Muslim leaders and soldiers defended the Holy Land from invading Crusaders. |
| Crusades | — A series of religious wars fought between Christian forces from Europe and Muslim forces in the Middle East, mainly during the 11th to 13th centuries, often fought to control the Holy Land. |