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Broni Science Study
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Gene | one set of instructions for an inherited trait |
| Allele | one of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic, such as hair color |
| Phenotype | an organism’s appearance or other detectable characteristic |
| Genotype | the entire genetic makeup of an organism; also the combo of genes for one or more specific traits |
| Homozygous | two identical alleles (AA or aa) |
| Heterozygous | two different alleles (Aa)H |
| Selection | a choice of one from a set of options |
| Natural Selection | Features of the environment impact |
| Artificial Selection | People choose breeding plants, animals or other organisms based on desired traits |
| Evolution | Different kinds of living organisms develop from earlier forms |
| Genetic Variation | Diversity in gene frequencies |
| Mutation | Changing of structure of a gene. Results in a variant form that may be transmitted to other generations |
| Environmental Changes | Shift in resources or features available in a habitat often impacting organisms living in the environment |
| Competition | Struggle between 2 organisms for the same resources |
| Overproduction | Each generation of offspring breeds birth to too many people |
| Extirpation | Situation in which a species or population no longer exists in a certain location |
| Extinction | Occurs when species are lost from the earth |
| Cladogram | Branching diagram that shows relationship between species |
| Heredity | How traits are passed down |
| Traits | Things specific to you including patterns on your body and your size |
| What does DNA stand for? | Deoxyribonucleic Acid |
| What is substitution? | Swaps one or more nucleotide with another |
| How many and what are Chromosomes? | 46, DNA compacted in a unit 23 from mom 23 from dad |
| Where does DNA come from? | Parents and is found in every body cell |
| What is the structure of DNA similar to? | Ladder |
| Backbone of ladder is made of what? | Sugar and phosphate? |
| What are the rungs of the ladder made out of? | Base pairs, AT and GC |
| What is insertion? | Adds one or more nucleotide that wasn’t previously present? |
| What is deletion? | removes one or more nucleotide |
| What is a silent mutation? | A substitution where amino acid doesn’t change |
| What is a missense mutation? | Only one amino acid is affected |
| What is a nonsense mutation? | Creates a stop codon too early |
| Translation | using mRNA code to create a protein |
| Transcription | carries out messages using mRNA |
| Mitosis | Division of nucleus, asexual reproduction |
| Meiosis | Sexual reproduction, division of cell that produces reproductive cells |
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