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E4 Education
Ethnicity Achievement
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| According to Sewell, why do Black Students form Subcultures, such as the Culture of Resistance? | Absent parents increases the risk of students being influenced by their peers, the students choose their subculture and this affects their achievement differently. Teachers believe that Black students only fall into the rebellion subculture |
| What are Sewell's four cultures that he believes Black Students choose between? | Conformist - Try to avoid and disprove the negative stereotypes teachers have, Retreatist - Drop out of macho culture and school, Innovators - Openly rebel but still want to achieve, Rebellion - Hyper masculine, macho status through confrontation |
| What is an evaluation for Sewell's Culture of Resistance? | Hall suggests that the culture of resistance is positive for Black students self esteem and is necessary to fight institutional racism |
| According to Sewell, why does Black Families lacking Tough Love, cause differential achievement? | Parents lacking the ability to enact fair and firm discipline onto their children, paired with an absent father problem, leads to adolescence developing a perverse loyalty to street gangs |
| What is an evaluation of Sewell's Black Families lacking Tough Love? | Victim Blaming as he suggests that black students make the choice of what subculture they fall into, as if saying their underachievement is their own fault |
| According to Sewell, who should be supported within education rather than Racial Minorities? | White Boys, as they consistently do the worst than most demographics in education |
| What is an evaluation for Sewell's Priority of White Families? | Disregards the class differences within ethnicity that allows some ethnicities to achieve within education and overcome institutional racism |
| According to Bhatti, what are the Effects of Teacher Stereotypes? | Many teachers present unintentionally racist behaviour towards South Asian students of Bangladeshi, Pakistani or Indian descent. Racist behaviours include: Ignoring, not helping, not giving responsibilities to, and unfairly punishing South Asian students |
| What school did Bhatti do research in? | Cherrydale |
| What is an evaluation of Bhatti's Effects of Teacher Stereotypes? | Despite unintentional racism within the classroom, South Asian students still continue to outperform White British and Black students, suggesting their are other factors to achievement |
| According to Bhatti, how does Asian Families Low System Knowledge affect achievement? | Asian parents mistake yearly advancement in school for achievement, assuming their children are doing well when they may not be. They also maintain a 'gap' between home and school out of respect, so aren't as involved with their children's education |
| What is an evaluation of Bhatti's Asian Families Low System Knowledge? | This theory quickly becomes outdated after a generation or two as students who have been part of British education grow up and have children of their own |
| According to Gillborn, how is education an example of Institutional Racism? | Even though teachers may no longer be racist, the routines and procedures within the school, continue the cycle of racism within education, especially because of media portrayals of Black youths. |
| What is an evaluation of Gillborn's Institutional Racism within education? | A functionalist would argue that education is meritocratic and all students have an equal chance to succeed |
| According to Gillborn, how does Marketisation encourage Racism? | Marketisation encourages the covert selection of students who are assumed to achieve high grades, such as middle class, girls, Chinese and Indian students. This negatively affects Black and working class students who are covertly rejected from top schools |
| What is an evaluation of Gillborn's Marketisation encourages Racism? | Covert selection is illegal, so does not happen very often, and when it does, it is heavily reported on, putting schools off doing it |
| According to Gillborn, how does the Ethnocentric Hidden Curriculum cause differential achievement? | The prioritisation of White British culture, history and language, ignores the benefits of globalisation and alienates minorities. A colour blind policy of treating everyone the same regardless of race also prevents support for minorities who need it |
| What is an evaluation of Gillborn's Ethnocentric Hidden Curriculum? | Sewell would argue that priority must be placed on White Boys, as they are doing the worst in education |
| How does Language potentially impact differential achievement? | Pupils who have English as their second language, particularly primary school pupils, have the potential to do worse in education. However, the Swann Report providing evidence that EAL students actually perform better in education |
| According to Driver and Ballard, how does Asian Extended Family Support affect differential achievement? | South Asian students are more likely to live in traditional extended families and benefit from the greater socialisation, support and control to encourage higher expectations for achievement |
| According to Archer and Francis, how does Chinese Desire Achievement affect differential achievement? | Chinese families value education, teachers and authority, and value practice and repetition, which all benefits educational achievement. Chinese students have the smallest gap in achievement between FSM and non FSM students |
| According to Demie, how does Black Caribbean and Black African Values affect differential achievement? | Black African parents place high value on education and university as a route out of racism. Black Caribbean parents see racism within education as something inescapable. Black Caribbean students also have have higher rates of LPFs, lacking family support |
| According to Gillborn, why does White British Low Parental Interest affect differential achievement? | The White British tend to have low aspiration and an indifferent attitude towards education, often due to parents own negative experiences of education. White parents spend more on private tuition than supporting their children themselves |
| What are the Class Differences within Ethnic Minorities? | Chinese families tend to be middle class, with the families that aren't still achieving highly in education. Indian families also tend to be middle class, and Bangladeshi and Pakistani families tend to be working class |
| Why do Bangladeshi students outperform Pakistani students? | Area funding: Bangladeshi areas, such as London, receive higher education funding compared to areas with majority Pakistani population, such as Birmingham |
Created by:
Skyelark
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