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Sociology pt 3
third sociology test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Five Stages of the Life Course | The life course is the sequence of stages people pass through from birth to death, shaped by social expectations and biological aging. |
| Childhood | Early stage of life when individuals develop physically, cognitively, and socially while depending heavily on caregivers. Socialization occurs through family, school, and early peer relationships. |
| The Teenager (Adolescence) | A transitional stage between childhood and adulthood characterized by identity development, increasing independence, and stronger peer influence. |
| Young Adulthood | Stage when individuals typically enter careers, form long-term relationships, and gain financial independence. |
| Midlife / Middle Age | Period usually associated with career stability, parenting responsibilities, and reflection on personal achievements. |
| Later Life / Old Age | Stage marked by retirement, declining physical health, and changing social roles. |
| Aging | The biological and social process of growing older. Sociologists focus on how society shapes the experience of aging through expectations, health care, and social roles. |
| Social Gerontology | The sociological study of aging and the elderly, including social roles, health, economic issues, and relationships in later life. |
| Disengagement Theory | A theory suggesting that aging involves a gradual withdrawal from social roles and relationships, allowing younger generations to take over those roles. |
| Activity Theory | This theory argues that people age more successfully when they remain socially active and involved in meaningful activities |
| Social Conflict Theories of Aging | These theories focus on inequality and power differences among age groups. |
| Categories of Older Adults | Young Old, Old-Old, Oldest Old |
| Young Old | People roughly 65–74 years old, generally active and independent. |
| Old-Old | People roughly 75–84 years old, often experiencing increased health challenges. |
| Oldest Old | People 85+ years old, the fastest growing age group in many societies. |
| Major Issues Affecting Older Adults | Health Problems, Social Isolation, Prejudice, Ageism |
| Health Problems | Chronic diseases, reduced mobility, and cognitive decline can affect quality of life. |
| Social Isolation | Occurs when elderly individuals have limited social contact, which can negatively impact mental and physical health. |
| Prejudice | Negative attitudes toward a group based on stereotypes. |
| Ageism | Discrimination or prejudice specifically based on age, often directed at older adults. |
| Microsociology | The study of small-scale social interactions, such as everyday conversations and face-to-face behavior |
| Social Interaction | The process by which people act and react to others, shaping relationships and social structures. |
| Civil Inattention | A behavior where people briefly acknowledge others in public but avoid prolonged interaction |
| Non-Verbal Communication | Communication without words, including Face, Gestures, and emotions |
| Face | Facial expressions that convey emotion. |
| Gestures | Body movements used to communicate meaning. |
| Emotions | Feelings expressed through tone, posture, or expression |
| Social Role | Expected behaviors associated with a particular status or position in society. |
| Status | A person’s social rank or position in society. |
| Ascribed status | status assigned at birth |
| Achieved status | Status earned through effort |
| Social Position | The location a person occupies in society, often connected to roles and status. |
| Impression Management | The process of controlling how others perceive you in social situations. |
| Unfocused Interaction | Interaction where people are aware of each other but not directly communicating. |
| Focused Interaction | Direct communication between individuals. |
| Encounter | A brief period of focused interaction, such as a conversation or meeting. |
| Audience Segregation | Keeping different social groups separate to maintain different impressions. |
| Shared Understandings | Common expectations that allow people to interpret situations similarly. |
| Ethnomethodology | The study of how people create shared meanings and social order in everyday interactions. Often studied by observing how people react when normal social rules are broken. |
| Interactional Vandalism | Disrupting social interactions by breaking expected social rules. |
| Conversation Analysis | The study of patterns and structure in conversations, including pauses, turn-taking, and tone. |
| Response Cries | Short verbal expressions people make automatically. These communicate emotions or reactions quickly. |
| Personal Space | The physical distance people maintain between themselves and others. Distances vary depending on relationships and culture. |
| Time-Space Regionalization | The way social activities are organized across time and physical space. |
| Clock Time | The scheduling of activities according to specific measured time. |
| Compulsion of Proximity | The tendency for people to interact more frequently with those physically near them. |
| Ferry Tales | illustrates microsociology in everyday interactions. It shows how strangers share space on a ferry and communicate through body language, small talk, and social norms while navigating brief social encounters. |
| Norms | Social rules that guide behavior in a society. Folkways, and Mores. |
| Folkways | minor norms (table manners) |
| Mores | serious norms (laws, moral rules) |
| Deviance | Behavior that violates social norms. What counts varies by culture and time. |
| Deviant Subculture | A group whose values and behaviors differ from mainstream society and may encourage deviance. |
Created by:
Aar_eds12
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