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AP HUG Chapter 12
Terms and questions. Based on James M. Rubinstein 13th ed. Text Book
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Service | activity that fulfills and human want or need and returns money to the provider |
| Settlement | permanent collection of building where people reside, work, and other services |
| Consumer service | provide services to individual customers who desire them and can afford to pay for them (Retail: stores, sales, etc; private education; health services: hospitals, doctors, etc; leisure: hotels, theme parks, etc) |
| Business services | facilitate other businesses (finance: (F.I.R.E) Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate) |
| Public services | provide security and protection for citizens and business |
| Education | public school educators, federal/state (government workers, politicians) |
| Central place theory | invented by walter christaller, helps explain where the most profitable location can be identified. |
| Central place | market center for the exchange of goods and services people attracted from its surrounding areas. Must be centrally located and leads to regular settlement patterns |
| Market service area | MSA is an area surrounding a service from which consumers are attracted |
| Range | the distance you are willing to travel to use a service |
| Lower order | people travel short distances (grocery, gas, soft food, etc) |
| Higher order | people travel greater distances (area, hospital, airport, etc |
| Threshold | the minimum number of people to support a service Demographics like old v. young, wealth v. poverty, singles v. families, etc |
| Food desert | areas in urban centers quality food is unavailable |
| Gravity model | predicts the optimal location of a service is directly related to the number of people in the area and inversely related to the distance people must travel to access it |
| Rank size rule | countries Xth largest settlements is 1/X of the population of the largest settlement |
| Primate city rule | the largest settlement has more than twice as many people as the second largest. The largest city is the primate city. |
| Periodic market | a collection of vendors assemble to offer goods and services on a central day |
| Global cities | most closely integrated into the global economic system because they are at the center of the flow of information and capital |
| Specialized producer service centers | offer narrow and highly specialized varieties of services (pittsburgh and steel) |
| Dependent centers | produce relatively unskilled jobs and depend on world cities for their economic health |
| Business-process outsourcing | BPO outsourcing processing insurance claims, payroll, and clerical services |
| telecommunications | allow for location of back-office work in LDCS. They need low waged and ability to speak english |
| Economic base | is derived from its unique business and distinctive economic activities |
| Basic business | export primarily to consumers outside the settlement |
| Nonbasic business | customers live in the same community |
| Growth poles | The concentration of highly innovative and technically advanced industries that stimulate economic development in linked businesses and industries |
| Clustered settlement | also known as village or hamlet, everyone lives in a relatively small area, farmland usually requires a journey from the village |
| Dispersed pattern of settlement | uncommon except in the US, Canada, Australia, the UK and similar MDCs because this pattern is only possible where there is little reason to fear attack or isolation. More efficient to live on the farm, even if isolated. |
| US homestead act: government policy encourages dispersed settlement | Enclosure movement: in Britain, seizure of common land and change to private property or the changing of open field systems to enclose fields owned by individual farmers to increase efficiency |
| Footloose industry | A manufacturing or service business that can locate in a wide variety of places without being tied to specific raw materials or high transportation costs (Technology and computing, high-value manufacturing, services) |
| Urbanization | process by which urban population grows (Increase in number of people living in cities, increase in percentage of people living in cities) |
| Megacities | population of over 10 million people |
| Metacities | population of over 20 million people |
Created by:
chambsar000
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