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U.S. History Ch. 19
Growth in the West
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| transcontinental railroad | railroad the spanned the U.S. continent |
| Great Plains | the area from the Missouri River to the Rocky Mountains |
| frontier | parts of the West that were occupied mainly by Native Americans, rather than settlers |
| solar time | time based on calculations of the sun's passage across the sky |
| standard time | the time zones devised by railroad companies |
| vaquero | Spanish term for cowhand |
| long drive | journey that takes cattle by foot to a railway |
| vigilante | person who takes the law into his or her own hands |
| buffalo soldier | name Native Americans gave to Affrican-American soldiers in the West |
| Mexicano | Spanish word for a person of Mexican heritage; a Spanish-speaking person in the Southwest whose ancestors had come from Mexico |
| Anglo | English-speaking settler in the Southwest |
| lode | deposit of mineral buried in rock |
| boomtown | town that experiences sudden growth in population or economic activity |
| black codes | laws passed by Southern states that limited the freedom of formerly enslaved people |
| Sand Creek massacre | 1864 attack in which as many as 200 Cheyenne were killed by the Colorado militia |
| Sitting Bull | Sioux chief who led the attack on Custer at the Battle of Little Big Horn |
| George A. Custer | commander of U.S. troops at the Battle of Little Big Horn |
| Battle of Little Big Horn | 1876 battle in which Sioux and Cheyenne killed an entire force of U.S. troops |
| Dawes Act | 1887 law that distributed reservation land to individual Native American owners |
| Wounded Knee massacre | mass killings by U.S. soldiers of as many as 300 unarmed Sioux at Wounded Knee, South Dakota in 1890 |
| nomadic | characterized by moving from place to place |
| reservation | land set aside by the U.S. government for Native American tribes |
| Homestead Act | 1862 law that offered 160 acres free to anyone who agreed to live on and improve the land for five years |
| exodusters | name for African Americans who settled on the Great Plains |
| sodbusters | name for pioneer farmers on the Great Plains |
| grange | organization formed in 1867 to meet the social needs of farm families |
| Populist Party | political party formed in 1890s that wanted a policy that would raise crop prices |
| gold standard | a policy under which the government backs every dollar with a certain amount of gold |
| Willima Jennings Bryant | Democratic and Populist candidate for President in 1896 who advocated a policy of free silver |
| sod | the top layer of prarie soil that contains thick, tightly tangled grass roots |
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pquilty
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