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supreme court cases

required cases

TermDefinition
marbury v madison Scenario: Marbury sued for a withheld government job commission. Constitutional basis: Article 3 (Judiciary) Issue: Established judicial review, allowing the Supreme Court to declare laws unconstitutional.
mcculloch v maryland Scenario: Maryland tried to tax the federal bank; the bank refused to pay. Constitutional basis: Article 1, Section 8 (Necessary and Proper Clause); Article 6 (Supremacy Clause) Issue: Confirmed federal supremacy and upheld Congress’s implied powers.
schenck v united states Scenario: Schenck distributed anti-draft leaflets during WWI and was convicted under the Espionage Act. Constitutional basis: First Amendment (Free Speech Clause) Issue: “clear and present danger” test limiting free speech during wartime.
brown v board of ed Scenario: Black children denied admission to white public schools. Constitutional basis: Fourteenth Amendment (Equal Protection Clause) Issue: Declared racial school segregation unconstitutional, overturning “separate but equal.”
baker v carr Scenario: Tennessee residents challenged unequal legislative redistricting. Constitutional basis: Fourteenth Amendment (Equal Protection Clause) Issue: Established federal courts can review apportionment/redistricting cases (one person, one vote).
engel v vitale Scenario: School required students to recite a prayer. Constitutional basis: First Amendment (Establishment Clause) Issue: Prohibited school-sponsored prayer, enforcing separation of church and state.
gideon v wainwright Scenario: Man was denied a court-appointed lawyer in a felony trial. Constitutional basis: Sixth Amendment (Right to counsel); Fourteenth Amendment (Incorporation) Issue: Guaranteed the right to a lawyer for defendants who cannot afford one.
tinker v des moines Scenario: Students wore black armbands protesting the Vietnam War and were suspended. Constitutional basis: First Amendment (Free Speech Clause) Issue: Protected student free speech rights in public schools.
new york times co. v united states Scenario: Government tried to stop newspapers from publishing classified Pentagon Papers. Constitutional basis: First Amendment (Freedom of the Press) Issue: Upheld freedom of the press against prior restraint.
wisconsin v yoder Scenario: Amish parents refused to send children to school past 8th grade. Constitutional basis: First Amendment (Free Exercise Clause) Issue: Protected religious freedom against compulsory education laws.
shaw v reno Scenario: North Carolina created oddly shaped districts to increase minority representation. Constitutional basis: 14th amendment (Equal Protection Clause) Issue: racial gerrymandering violates equal protection even if intended to help minorities.
united states v lopez Scenario: Student carried a gun to school, challenging federal Gun-Free School Zones Act. Constitutional basis: Article 1, Section 8 (Commerce Clause) Issue: Limited Congress’s power under the commerce clause, ruling the law unconstitutional.
mcdonald v chicago Scenario: Chicago’s handgun ban challenged by a resident. Constitutional basis: Second Amendment (Right to bear arms); Fourteenth Amendment (Incorporation) Issue: Incorporated the Second Amendment to apply to states.
citizens united v fec Scenario: Group wanted to air political ads funded by corporations. Constitutional basis: First Amendment (Free Speech Clause) Issue: Allowed unlimited corporate and union spending in elections as protected free speech.
Created by: user-1987780
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