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CheyHistoryC2S1-2R
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Mercantilism | system that held that colonies existed to make their home country wealthy and powerful |
| When did Hernando Cortes sail from Cuba to Mexico with his soldiers? | 1519 |
| What did the Aztec leader Moctezuma try to bribe away Cortes with, and was it successful? | Gold; no, it had the opposite effect |
| What capital of which empire did Cortes march into? When? Was he successful? | Tenochtitlan of Aztecs; Cortes marched in Nov. 8 1519; no, Aztecs soon rebelled |
| A year later, Cortes came back and conquered Tenochtitlan. What did he build in place? | Mexico City, the capital of the Spanish colony of New Spain |
| When did Francisco Pizarro land in Peru to search for the Incas? When did he march into the heart of the Inca Empire? | 1531; Sept. 1532 |
| When did Magellan's last fleet make it back to Spain? | 1522 |
| When did the Spanish defeat the Incas and capture their capital city Cuzco? | November, 1533 |
| How could a few hundred Spanish soldiers defeat Indian armies many times their size? | Better technology (armor, muskets, etc.), horses, and the Indians were divided among themselves |
| Who was the first Spaniard to set foot in United States? Where and when? | Juan Ponce de Leon; when he landed in Florida north of Puerto Rico; 1513 |
| When did exploration along Florida's west coast begin? | 1528 |
| Who led the 80 survivors to Galveston Island on Texas' coast to escape the Indians in northern Florida? | Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca |
| Starvation/disease reduced the 80-man group to 15 before Indians enslaved them. Who survived? | Four men, including Cabeza de Vaca and Estevanico |
| Who is Estevanico? | An African slave that was one of the only four survivors of Cabeza de Vaca's crew; led the first expedition for the gold cities |
| When did the survivors return to Spanish lands? | In 1536, eight years after landing in Florida w/ 400-men |
| What stories did the four men of Cabeza de Vaca relate to the others in Mexico City? | stories the men had heard from Indians about seven cities filled w/ gold far to the north |
| Which of the survivors headed the expedition to find these gold cities? When did it begin? Did he succeed? | Estevanico; 1539; no, was killed by Indians and the others returned to Mexico City |
| Who was the conquistador that set out to find the golden city? Although he never found it, what did he explore? | Francisco Coronado; explored southwestern United States, areas included New Mexico, Arizona, Texas, Kansas |
| In contemporary w/ Coronado, who explored the southeastern United States? Where did he travel? Where/when did he die? What did he find in his lifetime? | Hernando de Soto; as far north as Carolinas and as far west as Oklahoma; in Lousiana, 1542; found Mississippi River |
| How did Spain control its new empire? | Spain created a formal system of government to replace conquistador's unsuccessful ruling |
| What are plantations? | large farms worked by laborers who lived on property |
| How did the government help Spanish colonists find workers? | The government granted encomiendas, land grands that gave rights to demand labor/taxes from Indians |
| Who was the priest that protested the encomienda system? | Bartolome de Las Casas |
| When did Ferdinand Magellan set out to find Pacific-Atlantic passage? | 1519 |
| Peninsulares | Spanish colonists who had been born in Spain; top of social system; almost all g'vmt officials come from this class |
| Creoles | Colonists born of two Spanish parents in America; wealthiest merchants/plantation owners |
| Mestizos | people of Spanish/Indian blood; ranchers/farmers/merchants, impossible to be in upper lvls of society |
| Mulattos | people of Spanish/African heritage |
| Who were at the bottom of the social system? | African Americans and Indians |
| Early on, what were Spain's goals? | To find passage to Asia, find gold/silver |
| Early on, what were England's goals? | Find Northwest Passage to Asia |
| Early on, what were France's goals? | establish fur trade, find Northwest Passage |
| Later, what was Spain's main goal in the Americas? | Convert all Indians to Christianity |
| Later, what was England's main goal in the Americas? | Establish settlements |
| Later, what was France's main goals in the Americas? | establish fur trade and settlements |
| What year did Vespucci's trips take place? | 1499 |
| What year did Balboa explore Carribean coast and discover Pacific Ocean? | 1510 |
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Mindsweeper
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