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Sanskrit 2nd case

Dvithiya vibhakthi From samskritaveethy

QuestionAnswer
What is द्वितीया विभक्तिः? द्वितीया विभक्तिः is the Second Case (Accusative Case) in Sanskrit grammar. It marks the object of a transitive verb.
What does द्वितीया विभक्तिः indicate in a sentence? It indicates कर्म (Karma) - the object of the sentence. The word that receives the action takes द्वितीया विभक्तिः.
How do you identify the कर्मपदम् (object) in a sentence? By asking questions with कम्, कौ, कान्, काम्, के, काः, किम्, कानि - the answer is the कर्मपदम्.
राम - Write the द्वितीया विभक्तिः forms रामम् (singular), रामौ (dual), रामान् (plural)
हरि (Hari - इकारान्तः पुल्लिङ्गः) - Write द्वितीया forms हरिम् (singular), हरौ (dual), हरीन् (plural)
गुरु (Guru - उकारान्तः पुल्लिङ्गः) - Write द्वितीया forms गुरुम् (singular), गुरू (dual), गुरून् (plural)
पितृ (Father - ऋकारान्तः पुल्लिङ्गः) - Write द्वितीया forms पितरम् (singular), पितरौ (dual), पितॄन् (plural)
शिव - Write द्वितीया विभक्तिः forms शिवम् (singular), शिवौ (dual), शिवान् (plural)
रमा - Write the द्वितीया विभक्तिः forms रमाम् (singular), रमे (dual), रमाः (plural)
लता (creeper) - Write द्वितीया forms लताम् (singular), लते (dual), लताः (plural)
मति (Intellect) - Write the द्वितीया विभक्तिः forms मतिम् (singular), मती (dual), मतीः (plural)
नदी (River) - Write the द्वितीया विभक्तिः forms नदीम् (singular), नद्यौ (dual), नदीः (plural)
धेनु (Cow) - Write the द्वितीया विभक्तिः forms धेनुम् (singular), धेनू (dual), धेनूः (plural)
मातृ (Mother) - Write the द्वितीया विभक्तिः forms मातरम् (singular), मातरौ (dual), मातॄः (plural)
फल (Fruit) - Write the द्वितीया विभक्तिः forms फलम् (singular), फले (dual), फलानि (plural)
गृह (House) - Write द्वितीया forms गृहम् (singular), गृहे (dual), गृहाणि (plural)
पत्र (Letter/Leaf) - Write द्वितीया forms पत्रम् (singular), पत्रे (dual), पत्राणि (plural)
Special rule for नपुंसकलिङ्गः nouns For neuter gender nouns, प्रथमा and द्वितीया forms are identical in all three numbers!
वारि (Water) - Write the द्वितीया विभक्तिः forms वारि (singular), वारिणी (dual), वारीणि (plural)
दधि (Curd) - Write द्वितीया forms दधि (singular), दधिनी (dual), दधीनि (plural)
मधु (Honey) - Write the द्वितीया विभक्तिः forms मधु (singular), मधुनी (dual), मधूनि (plural)
एतद् (This - पुल्लिङ्गः) - Write द्वितीया forms एतम्/एनम् (singular), एतौ (dual), एतान्/एनान् (plural)
एतद् (This - स्त्रीलिङ्गः) - Write द्वितीया forms एताम्/एनाम् (singular), एते (dual), एताः/एनाः (plural)
एतद् (This - नपुंसकलिङ्गः) - Write द्वितीया forms एतत्/एनत् (singular), एते (dual), एतानि/एनानि (plural)
तद् (That - पुल्लिङ्गः) - Write द्वितीया forms तम् (singular), तौ (dual), तान् (plural)
तद् (That - स्त्रीलिङ्गः) - Write द्वितीया forms ताम् (singular), ते (dual), ताः (plural)
तद् (That - नपुंसकलिङ्गः) - Write द्वितीया forms तत् (singular), ते (dual), तानि (plural)
किम् (What - पुल्लिङ्गः) - Write द्वितीया forms कम् (singular), कौ (dual), कान् (plural)
किम् (What - स्त्रीलिङ्गः) - Write द्वितीया forms काम् (singular), के (dual), काः (plural)
किम् (What - नपुंसकलिङ्गः) - Write द्वितीया forms किम् (singular), के (dual), कानि (plural)
भवत् (You/Your honor - पुल्लिङ्गः) - Write द्वितीया forms भवन्तम् (singular), भवन्तौ (dual), भवतः (plural)
अस्मद् (I/We - all genders same) - Write द्वितीया forms माम्/मा (singular), आवाम्/नौ (dual), अस्मान्/नः (plural)
युष्मद् (You - all genders same) - Write द्वितीया forms त्वाम्/त्वा (singular), युवाम्/वाम् (dual), युष्मान्/वः (plural)
When is द्वितीया used with movement verbs? With verbs of motion (गच्छति, आगच्छति), the destination takes द्वितीया विभक्तिः
The student goes to school. (विद्यालयम् = to school) छात्रः विद्यालयं गच्छति
The father comes home. (गृहम् = to home) जनकः गृहम् आगच्छति
You (honorific) go to the temple. भवान् देवालयं गच्छति
I go to the ashram. अहं आश्रमं गच्छामि
We go to the garden. वयं उद्यानं गच्छामः
बालकः गणेशम् अर्चति - Identify कर्मपदम् गणेशम् (Ganesh - the one being worshipped)
चटका जलं पिबति - Identify कर्मपदम् जलम् (water - the thing being drunk)
अध्यापकः घटीं पश्यति - Identify कर्मपदम् घटीम् (pot/clock - the thing being seen)
The woman carries the pot. Question: महिला कम् नयति? महिला धटं नयति
The teacher asks the two students. Question: अध्यापकः कौ पृच्छति? अध्यापकः छात्रौ पृच्छति
Ramesh congratulates them. Question: रमेशः कान् अभिनन्दते? रमेशः तान् अभिनन्दते
I bow to the teacher. Question: अहं कम् वन्दे? अहं गुरुं वन्दे
The female student writes a poem. Question: छात्रा कां लिखति? छात्रा कवितां लिखति
The girl buys pens. Question: बालिका काः क्रीणाति? बालिका लेखनीः क्रीणाति
I hear the news. Question: अहं कां शृणोमि? अहं वार्तां शृणोमि
You water the garden. Question: त्वम् कां सिञ्चसि? त्वं वाटिकां सिञ्चसि
Suresh drinks kheer/payasam. Question: सुरेशः किं पिबति? सुरेशः पायसं पिबति
You (two) eat fruits. Question: भवन्तौ के खादतः? भवन्तौ फले खादतः
You read a book. Question: त्वम् किम् पठसि? त्वं पुस्तकं पठसि
I buy curd. Question: अहं किं क्रीणामि? अहं दधि क्रीणामि
What is अव्ययम्? अव्ययम् means "indeclinable" - words that don't change with gender, number, or case.
च - meaning and/மற்றும்
अपि - meaning also/உடன்
अतः - meaning therefore/அதனால்
पूर्वम् - meaning before/முன்பு
परम् - meaning after/பின்பு
अत्र - meaning here/இங்கே
तत्र - meaning there/அங்கே
सर्वत्र - meaning everywhere/எங்கும்
अन्यत्र - meaning elsewhere/வேறு இடத்தில்
परितः - meaning around/சுற்றிலும் - takes द्वितीया before it
उभयतः - meaning on both sides/இரு பக்கத்திலும் - takes द्वितीया before it
There are trees around the school. (विद्यालयम् takes द्वितीया) विद्यालयं परितः वृक्षाः सन्ति
There are clouds around the moon. चन्द्रं परितः मेघाः सन्ति
Policemen stand on both sides of the thief. चोरं उभयतः आरक्षकौ स्थः
What are द्विकर्मकाः धातवः? Verbs that take two objects in द्वितीया विभक्तिः
वदति (वद् धातुः) - Example with two objects कृष्णः मित्रं वार्थां वदति (Krishna tells the news to the friend)
पृच्छति (पृच्छ् धातुः) - Example with two objects अध्यापकः छात्रान् प्रश्नं पृच्छति (Teacher asks students a question)
नयति (नय् धातुः) - Example with two objects अहं स्यूतं रेल्यानं नयामि (I take the bag to the train)
प्रार्थयते (प्रार्थय धातुः) - Example with two objects त्वं पितरं क्षमां प्रार्थयसे (You ask father for forgiveness)
देवालयः - meaning temple/கோவில்
विद्यालयः - meaning school/பள்ளி
क्रीडाङ्गनम् - meaning playground/விளையாட்டு மைதானம்
वित्तकोषः - meaning bank/வங்கி
कार्यालयः - meaning office/அலுவலகம்
चिकित्सालयः - meaning hospital/clinic/மருத்துவமனை
ग्रन्थालयः - meaning library/நூலகம்
आपणः - meaning shop/கடை
उद्यानम् - meaning garden/தோட்டம்
आश्रमः - meaning ashram/ஆசிரமம்
अर्चति - meaning worships/prays/வணங்குகிறார்
पिबति - meaning drinks/குடிக்கிறார்
पश्यति - meaning sees/பார்க்கிறார்
गच्छति - meaning goes/செல்கிறார்
आगच्छति - meaning comes/வருகிறார்
नयति - meaning leads/carries/அழைத்துச் செல்கிறார்
पृच्छति - meaning asks/கேட்கிறார்
गायति - meaning sings/பாடுகிறார்
खादति - meaning eats/சாப்பிடுகிறார்
वन्दते - meaning bows/salutes/வணங்குகிறார்
शृणोति - meaning hears/கேட்கிறார்
क्रीणाति - meaning buys/வாங்குகிறார்
Fill in blank: वयम् ______ (आपणः) गच्छामः आपणम्
Fill in blank: बालकः _______ (दुग्धम्) पिबति दुग्धम्
Fill in blank: कविः _______ (नदी) पश्यति नदीम्
Fill in blank: त्वं _______ (वार्ता) पठसि वार्ताम्
Fill in blank: आरक्षकः _______ (जनाः) ________ (प्रश्नाः) पृच्छति जनान् प्रश्नान्
Fill in blank: बालकाः ______ (जननी) वन्दन्ते जननीः
Created by: user-2032306
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