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AP HUG Chapter 11
Terms and questions. Based on James M. Rubinstein 13th ed. Text Book
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Industrial revolution | series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufactured goods |
| Cottage industry | home based manufacturing |
| Situation | the location of a place relative to other places |
| Site | the physical characteristic of a place |
| Site factors | result of the unique characteristics of a location Three traditional production factors influenced by location; land, labor, and capital |
| Labor | most important site factor. May be unskilled or skilled depending on the industry. |
| Labor intensive industry | one in which wages and other compensation paid to employees constitute a high percentage of expenses |
| Capital intensive industry | lower than average percent of expenditures on labor (in the US, lower than 11%) |
| Situation factors | involve transporting materials to and from a factory |
| Agglomeration | the clustering of people, businesses, and activities in a particular area. Leads to increased productivity (bc of shared resources and labor), efficiency and collaboration, and can lead to the formation of industrial districts |
| Break-of-bulk point | the place where you transfer goods from one kind of transport to another (not really relevant anymore bc more efficient shipping technologies) |
| Fossil fuels | residue of plants and animals that were buried millions of year ago |
| Proven reserves | we KNOW we have it |
| Potential reserves | we have not yet discovered (we don't know for sure) |
| Organism of petroleum exporting countries | OPEC, created in the 1960s, sets production goals for petroleum meaning they control the simple and world oil prices. Caused a sharp increase in oil prices. Composed mostly of north african, south west asian, and south american counties. |
| Pollution | more waste is added than air water or land resources can handle When per capita income increases, so does carbon dioxide emissions |
| Air pollution | higher than normal amounts of trace gases (sulfur dioxides, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides). 3 scales of air pollution: global, regional, and local |
| Global warming | earths temp has increased by 2 degrees fahrenheit (1C) since 1880 GLOBALLY |
| Ozone layer | The earth's stratosphere contains a concentration of ozone gases that absorbs/blocks dangerous UV rays |
| Montreal protocol | global agreement banned CFCs |
| Acid deposition | sulfuric acids and nitric acid from burning fossil fuels form in the atmosphere and fall back to earth |
| Acid precipitation | when sulfuric acids and nitric acids from burning fossil fuels are dissolved in water (acid rain) |
| Sanitary landfill | most commonly used but running out of room |
| Incineration | burning trash, less ash to dispose of and heat from incinerators used to produce steam power. (runs risk of toxic emissions) |
| Point source | enters water from a specific location (eg. manufacturing, municipal sewage) |
| Non-point source | enters water from a large diffuse area (eg. agriculture (fertilizers/pesticides), general overuse) |
| Right to work laws | laws that require factories to remain “open shops” (do not have to be part of the union to have a job) |
| Export processing zones | EPZ offers special regulations for foreign owned businesses (exports only, protects domestic business) like tax breaks and free of tariffs/quotas. |
| New INTL division of labor | moving unskilled labor to LDCs and skilled labor stays in KDCs |
| Outsourcing | turning over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers |
| Vertical integration | a company controls all aspects of a complex production process |
| Horizontal integration | ownership by the same firm of a number of companies that exist at the same point on a commodity chain (think oil production) |
| ordism | loss of unskilled workers for fast production. Unskilled assembly line workers |
| Post-fordism | less workers and more automation. Characterized by more flexible production methods, customization of products, and a focus on service-oriented economies |
| BRICS | brazil, russia, indian, china, and south africa |
Created by:
chambsar000
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