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T2 Theory Pt 3
Interactionism, Post and Late Modernism
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| According to Weber, what are Social Constructs? | Aspects of society that only exist because of people's assumptions. They are real in that they do have an effect on people |
| According to Weber, what is Social Action? | The meanings that individuals give their experiences will effect their individual behaviours and wider society. Individuals are able to affect and control society through the actions they take and their interpretations of those actions |
| According to Weber, what are the Four Ways to Interpret Behaviour? | Affective Action (Based on Emotions), Traditional Action (Based on Custom and Habit), Rational Instrumental Action (Based on End Goal), Rational Value Action (Based on the Importance of the Action) |
| According to Weber, what is the Micro Approach? | Studying the thoughts and experiences of individuals as that is what makes up society |
| According to Mead, what is Self Concept? | How individuals think about themselves, developed through interactions with others. When we interact with others, we realise, we are different from each other. We understand ourselves through how people view and treat us, and how they expect us to behave |
| According to Goffman, what is the Dramaturgical Approach? | Society can be understood as if individuals are acting social roles on a stage to an audience |
| According to Goffman, what are some ways that the Dramaturgical Approach is applied? | 1. They present idealised versions of themselves 2. They monitor how audiences react to performances and change based on feedback 3. They have a front (Act) and backstage (Reflect and Preparing) self 4. They have a sincere (True) and contrived (Fake) self |
| According to Becker, what is Labelling Theory? | Society is explained through the identities that individuals perceive and assign to others. Labels restrict how people treat each other and how they think of themselves, but, people can also reject labels. Patterns and trends can be explained by labels |
| What is the Structuralist Institutions evaluation of Interactionism? | Institutions vs Individuals: Institutions and social groups transcend the individual, institutions have roles and functions beyond the individuals in the institution, and members of social groups have shared consistent patterns and averages |
| What is the Post Modern evaluation of Interactionism? | Certainty vs Uncertainty: We used to be able to study how individuals interpreted society and how interactions caused stable patterns, now society is too uncertainty due to each individual having freedom to choose |
| What is the Conflict Sociologist evaluation of Interactionism? | Structural vs Individual Disadvantage: Many interactionists notice that certain individuals are disadvantaged by society. But interactionist theories are incomplete: they do not explain why there is disadvantage |
| What is the Structuralist Social Facts evaluation of Interactionism? | Social Facts vs Social Constructs: Aspects of society are not determined by the individual, there are objective realities regarding norms, values, traditions, expectations, etc that really impact individuals |
| What is the difference between Post Modernism and Late Modernism? | Late Modernism is the 'exaggerated end state of modernity', society has more freedom but is still able to be understood in a similar way to modern society. Post Modernism is a society that has so much freedom that it can no longer be understood certainly |
| What is Globalisation in a Late Modern Society? | There is an increasing interconnectedness and interdependency between different societies. Societies have long interacted, but it is only recently that stable connections between societies have risen. |
| What is an evaluation of Globalisation in a Late Modern Society? | There has been an increase in societies no longer cooperating with each other, choosing to go to war instead |
| What is Consumerism in a Late Modern Society? | Modern developments in mass production have created large amounts of products to buy. More societies have become focused on the purchasing of products and services as a leisure activity. However, there are many negative effects of consumerism |
| What is an evaluation of Consumerism in a Late Modern Society? | Many people don't get identity from consumerism and products, rather they get their identity from their culture, family, religion etc |
| What is Surveillance in a Late Modern Society? | The increased technological progress of modernity encourages surveillance. Companies gather and use endless information about individuals private lives, and governments have more ways of monitoring individuals |
| What is an evaluation of Surveillance in a Late Modern Society? | Many elderly people do not own technology, or are not adept at technology, and therefore their information cannot be easily collected. Society is an aging population, the majority of society is therefore, not surveilled |
| What is a Risk Society? | Scientific and technological advancements bring new, greater forms of danger to society. Societies have become mistrustful of science. Individuals are also more comfortable knowing that their choices could have unforeseen negative consequences |
| What is an evaluation of Risk Society? | Many people still trust science, only a loud minority of people don't. Also, some religions and cultures restrict individuals free will, preventing them from making risky choices |
| According to the Post Modernist, Bauman, what is Liquid Modernity? | In modern 'solid' societies, individuals traded their personal freedom for security. Now, in a post modern society, individuals trade security for freedom and choice |
| According to the Post Modernist, Bauman, what is Individualisation? | Individuals became consumers, focusing on their choices and pleasures. Institutions became weaker and unimportant to individuals identities |
| According to the Post Modernist, Lyotard, what is the Rejection of Metanarratives? | Metanarratives are overarching narratives that explain all of society. However, metanarratives don't exist in a post modern society, each individual creates their own personal narrative. No one perspective can explain the experiences of all individuals |
| What is an evaluation of Rejection of Metanarratives? | Suggesting that there are no such thing as metanarratives, in itself, is a metanarrative |
| What is the Structuralist evaluation of Post Modernism? | Determinism vs Agency: Exaggerates the ability individuals have to choose their role and place in society. Individuals do make choices, but those choices are constrained by norms and values they do not choose |
| What is the Modernism evaluation of Post Modernism? | Certainty vs Uncertainty: Exaggerates sociologists inability to be certain about society, there are many social facts that can be known about society as objectively as other sciences |
| What is the Late Modern evaluation of Post Modernism? | Diversity vs Uncertainty: There are more options and varieties available to individuals in society today, but not so many that society cannot be understood |
| What is the Conflict Structuralist evaluation of Post Modernism? | Disadvantage in Society: Critical sociologists are certain that some groups benefit or do not benefit from societies structure, norms and values. If sociologists cannot be certain about society then they cannot improve the standings of those groups |
| What are the General Criticisms of Post Modernism? | Metropolitan Elites: Post Modern sociologists do not realise that they inhabit an unrepresentative world of wealth, freedom and choice. The majority of society still live in a traditional world |
Created by:
Skyelark
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