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vocab 12
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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Abolition | the act of putting an end to something, such as slavery. |
| Abolitionist | a person who wants to end slavery. |
| Missouri Compromise | a compromise in which the people of Missouri could own slaves, but all lands acquired as a result of the Louisiana Purchase would have slavery banned to keep the balance of free & slave states. |
| Free-Soil Party | a political party created by the Whigs and Democrats who were dedicated to keeping slavery out of the new territories & states that were added as a result of the Mex-Am War. |
| Compromise of 1850 | a new compromise in response to the slave states threatening to leave the US; California was admitted as a free state and the issue of slavery would be left open in the Utah and New Mexico territories. Also strengthened the Fugitive Slave Act. |
| Pony Express | mail service delivered by horseback riders that established communication between the East and the West, and helped keep California connected to the rest of the country. |
| Fugitive Slave Act (1793 - original) | any enslaved person who escaped to the North was not considered free and had to be returned to the South. |
| Fugitive Slave Act (1850 - strengthened) | greater penalties imposed on runaway slaves and those who helped them, federal marshals could force ordinary citizens to help them capture runaway slaves, fugitives were denied the right to a trial by jury. |
| Federal Marshals | law enforcers who worked for the US government, used to catch and return fugitive slaves. |
| Racism | the belief that one race is superior to others, creating the foundation upon which slavery was built. |
| Uncle Tom's Cabin, by Harriet Beecher Stowe | antislavery novel that dramatically changed the national debate over slavery and racism. |
| Tariffs | a tax on imports and exports, southern leaders argues that high tariffs favored the industrial North and hurt the South by forcing plantation owners to pay higher prices for manufactured goods. |
| Ostend Manifesto (1854) | proposal in which wealthy plantation owners tried to convince the US to acquire Cuba from Spain as a slave state, included that the island should be taken by force if necessary. |
| Segregation | the separation of people based on race (common in northern cities). |
| Discrimination | treating someone unfairly or excluding them based on personal characteristics like race, gender, religion, disability, or appearance. |
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