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Exam for Mvula
exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which of the following was associated with the Prohibition years of the early twentieth century? | A wave of organized criminal activity |
| As society became more focused on individual rights in the 1960s and 1970s, what happened to crime in the United States? | Reported crime increased dramatically. |
| In the 1990s, the perception that crime rates were increasing and that offenders were not being punished resulted in an increased focus on ________. | individual accountability |
| Which of the following would support the protection of personal freedoms and civil rights? | Individual-rights advocates |
| A person who believes that under certain circumstances involving a criminal threat to public safety, the interests of society should take precedence over individual rights is a(n) ________. | public-order advocate |
| The crime epidemic that occurred between 1850 and 1880 was due primarily to social upheaval caused by large-scale immigration and the Civil War. | TRUE |
| The emphasis on individual rights seen during the 1960s and 1970s was accompanied by a dramatic decrease in reported criminal activity. | FALSE |
| In the mid-1980s, the sale and use of illicit drugs decreased to an all-time low. | FALSE |
| The 2002 Sarbanes-Oxley Act was intended to deter corporate fraud and to hold business executives accountable for their actions. | TRUE |
| During the civil rights era, society focused on providing increased rights to victims of crime. | FALSE |
| Social ________ is a condition that is said to exist when a group is faced with social change, conflict, and a lack of consensus. | disorganization |
| ________ advocates focus on protecting personal freedoms and civil rights within society, including the criminal justice process. | Individual-rights |
| ________ justice is linked to notions of fairness and cultural beliefs about right and wrong | Social |
| The ________ model of criminal justice assumes that each of the component parts strive toward a common goal. | consensus |
| An individual who believes that the various criminal justice agencies have different and competing goals would probably adhere to the ________ model of criminal justice. | conflict |
| If you are looking for national crime statistics and want data on crimes reported to the police, you should use which of the following sources of data? | The Uniform Crime Reports |
| The UCR/NIBRS program is operated by which federal agency? | The Federal Bureau of Investigation |
| UCR/NIBRS terminology may differ from ________ definitions of crime. | statutory |
| For which of the following studies would you definitely want to use NIBRS rather than the UCR? | A study examining multiple crimes that occur within a single incident |
| Although rates of traditional crimes in the U.S. have been declining in recent years, some cities are experiencing very high rates of which serious crime? | B) Murder |
| NIBRS represents a significant redesign of the original UCR Program. | TRUE |
| NIBRS classifies robbery as a personal or violent crime. | FALSE |
| The clearance rate refers to the proportion of reported crimes that have been solved. | TRUE |
| Most murders are committed by strangers. | FALSE |
| A spree killing involves the killing of at least four or more victims at one location within one event. | FALSE |
| ________ data is obtained by surveying offenders and asking them to reveal illegal activity in which they have been involved | Self-report |
| classifies serious crimes as Group A offenses. | NIBRS |
| The number of robberies per 100,000 people in the U.S. is an example of a crime ________. | rate |
| Clearances are mainly based on ________ rather than judicial disposition. | arrests |
| ________ discrimination occurs when racism is not an isolated practice but an integral part of the justice system. | Systemic |
| Which type of law is also known as the "law on the books"? | Statutory law |
| In many states, ________ principles are used to interpret many legal issues. | common law |
| The concept of ________ expresses the belief that an orderly society must be governed by established principles to maintain order. | rule of law |
| ________ is the philosophy of law. | Jurisprudence |
| The body of rules and regulations that define and specify the nature of and punishments for offenses of a public nature for wrongs committed against the state or society is called ________. | criminal law |
| Case law is the written or codified law that is enacted by a government body or agency having the power to make laws. | FALSE |
| Common law originates from usage and custom rather than from written statutes. | TRUE |
| The rule of law allows people to disagree with the law but not to disobey the law. | TRUE |
| Procedural law is one type of substantive criminal law. | FALSE |
| A tort is a wrongful act, damage, or injury not involving a breach of contract. | TRUE |
| The ________ code is the written form of the criminal law. | Penal |
| ________ is the philosophy of law. | Jurisprudence |
| Wrongful acts that violate the civil law are known as ________. | torts |
| According to the law of ________, a judge should consider the reasonings of prior courts when deciding a case. | precedent |
| If you commit a(n) ________, you will probably receive a ticket rather than a more severe punishment like jail time. | infraction |
| Which federal agency is part of the Department of Justice? | U.S. Marshals Service |
| What is a Legat? | The director of a Joint Terrorism Task Force |
| Which federal agency is responsible for managing a forensic database of DNA profiles of offenders? | Federal Bureau of Investigation |
| After 9/11 the main priority of the FBI became ________. | terrorism |
| Recently the FBI refocused efforts to target which type of offender? | cyber criminals |
| All federal law enforcement agencies are under the jurisdiction of the Department of Justice. | FALSE |
| Any law enforcement agency in the U.S. may receive laboratory services from the FBI without charge. | TRUE |
| A key priority of FBI today is combating cyber criminals. | TRUE |
| Centralized state police agencies focus primarily on traffic and law enforcement duties on the state's highways. | FALSE |
| The first modern centralized state police force was formed in Pennsylvania. | TRUE |
| The FBI is an agency of the Department of ________. | Justice |
| Currently, the FBI is focusing on ________ criminals. | cyber |
| The ________ model of state policing draws a distinction between traffic enforcement and other state-level law enforcement functions. | decentralized |
| A(n) ________ police department is a city- or town-based law enforcement agency. | municipal |
| ________ are elected law enforcement officials whose agencies are responsible for county-wide law enforcement. | Sheriffs |
| Which of the following statements best describes police involvement in enforcing the law? | The police are expected to support the law. |
| ________ frequently requires a considerable amount of police work and painstaking investigation. | Apprehending offenders |
| ________ is a proactive approach to the problem of crime. | Crime prevention |
| Crime prevention efforts include a focus on ________. | reducing the public's fear of crime |
| CompStat and CrimeStat are techniques to do which of the following? | Investigate crime |
| The police spend the majority of their time enforcing the law and fighting crime. | FALSE |
| CompStat is a tool for predicting criminal activity. | TRUE |
| The peacekeeping role of the police involves a focus on quality-of-life offenses. | TRUE |
| The broken windows model of policing is most relevant to the service provision role of the police. | FALSE |
| A police sergeant is a police manager. | TRUE |
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