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Ch.12 History (8th)
Foreign Affairs in the New Nation (Ch. 12 sec 1-9) 8th grade history studyU2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Where is the Great Seal found? | The Great Seal of the United States is primarily held by the Secretary of State and found on a $1 bill. |
| Who helped design the Great Seal? | The Great Seal of the United States was primarily designed by Secretary of the Continental Congress Charles Thomson in 1782. |
| What do the object in the eagle’s left and right talons symbolize? | The eagle’s right talon holds an olive branch, symbolizing peace, while the left talon clutches 13 arrows, representing war and the 13 original colonies. |
| Why does the eagle’s head face toward the right? | The eagle faces the olive branch, a desire for peace while maintaining readiness for defense. |
| Who established the nation’s first foreign policy ideas, and what was the most important one? | George Washington, with key advice from Alexander Hamilton, established the nation's first foreign policy principles, with the most important being neutrality |
| What foreign nation created problems for President Adams? | France created the most significant problems for President John Adams, leading to the Quasi-War. |
| What was this nation doing? | French hostility stemmed from anger over the Jay Treaty with Britain and resulted in the seizure of American ships and the XYZ Affair, where French agents demanded bribes. (seizing U.S ships) |
| What did Adams do about this problem? How successful was Adams? | In response to the XYZ Affair and French seizing U.S. ships, Adams expanded the Navy, created the Marine Corps, and authorized a provisional army. These acts were successful. |
| How was Jefferson’s inauguration different from the presidents Washington and Adams? | Instead of arriving in a carriage wearing a ceremonial sword, Jefferson walked to the Capitol, dressed as a plain citizen, and was the first president inaugurated in Washington, D.C. |
| What did John Adams do during the inauguration of Thomas Jefferson? | John Adams did not attend the inauguration of Thomas Jefferson. Sad over the recent death of his son, Charles, Adams left the Executive Mansion at 4 a.m. for Massachusetts (like in the video shown in class). |
| What message did Jefferson give in his inaugural address? | Jefferson called for national unity, famously declaring, "We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists". He advocated for a "wise and frugal government," limiting federal power, promoting peace, commerce, and honest friendship with all nations |
| Where were the British creating problems...and what were they doing? | British ships seized 6,000–9,000 American sailors between 1803 and 1812, forcing them into service on British warships in the Atlantic. |
| Where were pirates creating problems...and what were they doing? | Caribbean, North American coast, and Indian Ocean. They attacked ships to steal valuable cargo and often captured vessels, holding crews for ransom or marooning them. |
| How did President Jefferson deal with the Barbary Pirates? | President Jefferson dealt with the Barbary Pirates by refusing to pay increased tribute, initiating the First Barbary War (1801–1805). |
| What did Jefferson do about British impressment? | Jefferson pursued a policy of "peaceable coercion" by passing the Embargo Act of 1807, which halted all foreign trade to avoid war. |
| How successful Jefferson in dealing with the Barbary pirates? | Jefferson was successful in his 1801–1805 campaign against the Barbary pirates |
| How effective was Jefferson’s Embargo Act? Explain. | Jefferson’s Embargo Act of 1807 was largely ineffective and a major economic failure |
| From who did the United States acquire the Louisiana Territory? | From France, bought from Napoleon for approximently $15 million. |
| what rivers did lewis and clark pass through | Lewis and Clark primarily navigated the Missouri River |
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