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unit 1 to 7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| south carolina exposition | a document written in 1828 that expressed opposition to the Tariff of Abominations, arguing that states had the right to nullify federal laws they deemed unconstitutional. |
| maine law | temperance statute prohibiting the manufacture and sale of alcohol |
| 7th of march speech | by Daniel Webster urging Northern support for the Compromise of 1850 to preserve the Union. including no Fugitive Slave Act, The speech, summarized by his plea to be viewed "not as a northerner... but as an American, |
| emancipation proclamation | declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free." |
| exoduster | African Americans who migrated from the South to the Great Plains (primarily Kansas) during the late 1870s and 1880s |
| pendeltone act | replaced the spoils system with a merit-based system. It established the Civil Service Commission to administer competitive exams for federal jobs, aiming to reduce corruption, increase expertise, and improve efficiency within the bureaucracy. |
| chinese excultion Act | a federal law signed by President Chester A. Arthur, marking the first major US policy restricting immigration based on ethnicity/nationality. It banned Chinese laborers from entering for 10 years, . Later renewed and made permanent in 1902 |
| free silver | a policy that allowed for the unlimited production of silver coins by the United States Treasury. |
| Nickolaus Biddle | president of the Second Bank of the United States (BUS) from 1823 to 1836 |
| fredick jackson turner | was an influential American historian known for his 1893 essay, "The Significance of the Frontier in American History". He proposed the "Frontier Thesis," |
| Northwest Ordinance | defined how ownership of the vast lands in the Northwest Territory would be legally transferred from the federal government to states and individual landowners. |
| creel comittee | a US government agency designed to "sell" the war to the American public and boost morale, George Creel |
| merchantilism | maximize wealth (gold/silver) by exporting more than they imported, utilizing colonies to provide cheap raw materials and act as exclusive markets |
| james olrethrope | founder of the Georgia colony in 1733. As a social reformer, he designed Georgia as a debtor’s haven and a military buffer against Spanish Florida |
| XYZ affair | a diplomatic incident between the U.S. and France where French agents (X, Y, and Z) demanded bribes from American diplomats to negotiate an end to French seizures of U.S |
| bacon rebellion | an armed uprising in Virginia led by Nathaniel Bacon against Governor William Berkeley, driven by frontier settlers' frustration over lack of protection from Native American attacks, high taxes, and elite corruption |
| chesapeake lepord affair | a naval engagement off the coast Virginia, between the British f\ Leopard and the American Chesapeake. The crew of Leopard pursued, attacked, and boarded the American frigate, looking for deserters from the Royal Navy. |
| battle of saratoga | he turning point of the American Revolution, |
| american system | Henry Clay's plan to boost American industry through three parts: high protective tariffs , a strong national bank ( and federally funded internal improvements |
| 54-40 or fight | an aggressive 1844 campaign slogan by Democratic presidential candidate James K. Polk, demanding the U.S. acquire the entire Oregon Territory up to the 54°40′ latitude line from Great Britain |
| boss tweed | Leader of Tammany Hall, Provided services to immigrants and the poor in exchange for votes, while using illegal "graft" (dishonest graft) to steal public funds. |
| war hawk | a group of young Democratic-Republican congressmen, primarily from Southern and Western states, elected in 1810 who fiercely pushed for war against Britain |
| emilio aguinaldo | Aguinaldo led Filipino insurgents against Spanish rule and initially worked with U.S. forces in spanish american war |
| document of nullification | Declared the Tariffs of 1828 and 1832 unconstitutional, threatening secession. |
| fugitive slave act | federal law passed as part of the Compromise of 1850 that forced citizens, including Northerners, to assist in capturing runaway slaves, denied accused runaways jury trials, and imposed heavy fines/imprisonment for aiding them |
| compromise of 1850 | admitting California as a free state, creating Utah and New Mexico territories under popular sovereignty, settling the Texas boundary and debt, abolishing the slave trade in Washington D.C., enacting a stricter Fugitive Slave Act. |
| march to sea | it broke the Confederacy's economic and psychological capacity to fight, representing an early example of "total war," where civilian infrastructure (farms, railroads) was deliberately targeted. |
| black codes | estrictive, discriminatory state laws passed by Southern legislatures in 1865–1866, immediately following the Civil War |
| civil rights act of 1866 | the first United States federal law to define US citizenship and affirmed that all citizens were equally protected by the law |
| wad- davis bill | a strict Reconstruction proposal by Radical Republicans requiring a majority of Southern white male citizens to take an "ironclad" oath of allegiance to re-enter the Union |
| kansas Nebraska Act | organized the Kansas and Nebraska territories, popular sovereignty to allow settlers to determine the legality of slavery. repealed the Missouri Compromise leading to conflicts known as "Bleeding Kansas" the rise of the Republican Party. |
| virginia religion freedom | authored by Thomas Jefferson was a revolutionary law disestablishing the Anglican Church in Virginia. It prohibited state-compelled religious attendance or taxation, |
| square deal | Theodore Roosevelt’s domestic program aimed at balancing the interests of capital, labor, and the public to ensure fairness. It focused on the 3 C's: Conservation of natural resources, Control of corporations (trust-busting), and Consumer protection. |
| dawes severalty act | a landmark federal law for Native Americans by breaking up communal tribal reservations into 160-acre individual plots. It encouraged farming, granted citizenship to those who complied, |
| sherman anti trust | the first federal law (passed under Pres. Harrison) to outlaw monopolistic business practices, trusts, and conspiracies that restrained interstate or foreign trade. |
| Pullman strike | a nationwide, violent railroad boycott in the U.S. sparked by wage cuts and high rents in George Pullman’s company town near Chicago. Led by Eugene V. Debs and the American Railway Union |
| johnathen edwards | As a "New Light" preacher, he urged a shift from cold intellectualism to an emotional, experiential relationship with faith. "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God" |
| farewell address | final letter to the nation advising against the dangers of permanent foreign alliances, political parties, and sectionalism |
| convention of 1800 | agreement between the U.S. and France that formally ended the Quasi-War and terminated the 1778 Alliance. It released the U.S. from alliance obligations, |
| civil right case of 1883 | U.S. Supreme Court decision that declared the Civil Rights Act of 1875 unconstitutional. ruled that the 13th and 14th Amendments did not empower Congress to prohibit racial discrimination by individuals or businesses, establishing the "state-action" |
| bland allison act | law requiring the U.S. Treasury to buy 2-4 million of silver monthly at market rates for coinage into silver dollars |
| quazi war | an undeclared naval conflict between the United States and France, primarily fought in the Caribbean during John Adams' presidency. It arose from French retaliation against the Jay Treaty |
| olive brand petition | To avoid full-scale war by seeking peace and restoring colonial rights, while still displaying loyalty to the Crown. Drafted By: John Dickinson |
| misouri compromise | a congressional agreement that admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, maintaining a 12-12 balance in the Senate. It prohibited slavery in the remainder of the Louisiana Purchase north of the parallel, |
| uncle toms cabin | an influential 1852 anti-slavery novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe. It dramatized the harsh realities of slavery,, fueling abolitionist sentiment in the North and exacerbating sectional tensions leading to the Civil War. |
| treaty of paris 1763 | The Treaty of Paris 1763 ended the French and Indian War forcing France to cede nearly all North American territory to Britain. This victory eliminated the French threat to the colonies drastically increased British national debt |
| stamp act | a British parliamentary act requiring American colonists to pay a direct tax on printed materials (legal documents, newspapers, playing cards) to fund troops |
| proclamation of 1763 | a British decree by King George III prohibiting American colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains following the French and Indian War. |
| article 10 | requiring members to protect the territorial and political independence of other member nations against external aggression. It was the primary source of US Senate opposition, as critics feared it bypassed Congress's constitutional power to declare war. |
| 1824 (1) DR | Quincy Adams |
| 1824 (2) DR | Clay |
| 1824 (3) DR | Clayton |
| 1824 (4) DR | Jackson |
| 1828 NR | Quincy Adams |
| 1828 D | Jackson |
| 1832 NR | Clay |
| 1832 D | Jackson |
| 1836 Whig (1) | Harrison |
| 1836 Whig (2) | webster |
| 1836 Whig (3) | white |
| 1836 Whig (4) | mangum |
| 1836 D | Buren |
| 1840 Whig | Harrison |
| 1840 D | Buren |
| 1844 Whig | Clay |
| 1844 D | Polk |
| 1844 Liberty | Birney |
| 1848 Whig | Taylor |
| 1848 D | Cass |
| 1848 Free Soil | Buren |
| 1852 Whig | Scott |
| 1852 D | Pierce |
| 1852 Free Soil | Hale |
| 1856 R | Fremont |
| 1856 D | Buchanan |
| 1856 AKN | Filmore |
| 1868 R | Grant |
| 1868 D | seymor |
| 1872 R | Grant |
| 1872 D | greoley |
| 1876 R | Hayes |
| 1876 D | Tilden |
| 1880 R | Garfeild |
| 1880 D | Hancock |
| 1884 R | Blaine |
| 1884 D | Cleveland |
| 1888 R | Harrison |
| 1888 D | Cleveland |
| 1892 R | Harrison |
| 1892 D | Cleveland |
Created by:
gms18155
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