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Vocab 1/2 - History
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Spanish Reconquista : | the centuries-long military campaign by Christian states to recapture territory in the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal) from the Moors (Muslims), ending in 1492 |
| Mayflower Compact : | the first written agreement for self-government in the American colonies, signed by the Pilgrims in 1620 |
| "Covenant Community" : | a settlement bound together by a religious agreement between the people and God to live by specific moral laws |
| Mercantilism : | an economic theory popular in Europe from the 16th to 18th centuries; it emphasized exporting more than importing and using colonies to supply raw materials to the "mother country" |
| Interdependence : | a relationship between countries or groups in which they rely on one another for resources, goods, or assistance |
| Colombian Exchange : | the widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, and diseases between the Americas (New World) and the Old World (Europe, Africa, Asia) following Columbus's voyages |
| Triangular Trade : | a multilateral system of trading in which a country pays for its imports from one country by its exports to another; historically, this refers to the trade routes between Europe, Africa, and the Americas involving goods and enslaved people |
| Diaspora : | the dispersion or spread of a people from their original homeland; the "African Diaspora" refers to communities throughout the world descended from Africans who were enslaved and shipped to the Americas |
| Denominations : | distinct subgroups within a religion (Methodist, Baptist, and Lutheran are all denominations of Christianity) |
| Encomienda : | a labor system established by the Spanish Crown in the Americas; Spanish settlers were granted a number of Indigenous people to work for them; in exchange, the settlers were supposed to "protect" them and convert them to Christianity |
| Cavalier : | wealthy English nobility who received large land grants in eastern Virginia from the King |
| Indentured Servants : | poor immigrants who agreed to work for a set time (usually 4-7 years) in exchange for passage to North America |
| Salutary Neglect : | an unofficial and long-term 17th and 18th-century that allowed the colonies to develop self-government |
| Social Contract : | a theory (popularized by Rousseau, Hobbes, and Locke) suggesting that individuals consent to surrender some of their freedoms and submit to the authority of the ruler in exchange for protection of their remaining rights |
| Ordered Liberty : | the balance between individual freedom and the need for social order and laws to protect that freedom |
| Parliamentary System : | the democratic government of Great Britain |
| Sugar Act (1764) : | a British law that lowered the tax on molasses but increased enforcement to stop smuggling, angering colonial merchants |
| Stamp Act (1765) : | a British law that required colonists to pay a tax on every piece of printed paper they used (legal documents, newspapers, playing cards); it was the first direct tax on the colonies |
| Quartering Act (1765) : | acts of British Parliament requiring local governments in the American colonies to provide the British soldiers with housing and food |
| Townshend Acts (1767) : | a series of measures that taxed goods imported to the American colonies (glass, lead, paint, paper, and tea) |
| Writs of Assistance : | general search warrants that allowed British customs officials to search colonial homes and ships for smuggled goods without specifying what they were looking for |
| Boston Massacre (1770) : | |
| Boston Tea Party (1773) : | |
| First Continental Congress (1774) : | |
| Second Continental Congress (1775 - 1781) : | |
| Olive Branch Petition (1775) : | |
| Declaration of Independence (1776) : | |
| Unalienable Rights : | |
| Minutemen : | |
| Patriots : | |
| Loyalists : | |
| Neutrals : | |
| Articles of Confederation : | |
| 3/5 Compromise : | |
| Separation of Powers : | |
| Ratification : | |
| Federalism : | |
| Judicial Review : | |
| Implied Powers : | |
| Checks and Balances : | |
| Political Parties : | |
| Proclamation of Neutrality (1793) : | |
| Jay Treaty (1794) : | |
| Political Parties : | |
| Democratic-Republicans : | |
| Proclamation of Neutrality (1793) : |
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