Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Unit 1 American Hist
1493 American History Since 1856 (Jorsch)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Freedman' Bureau | an agency established by congress on march 3 1865 to assist formerly enslaved people during the reconstruction |
| Black codes | restrictive laws passed by southern states in the 1860s to force African Americans into labor-based, slave-like conditions |
| Fourteenth Amendment | ratified in 1868 it granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the U.S and established due process |
| Sharecropping | late 1800s agricultural system where former slaved worked land owned by another for a share of the crop |
| Ku Klux Klan | organization for white southerners to regain home rule during radical reconstruction. want to redeem south |
| Union League | Republican organization founded in the 1860s to support the gov in the Civil war. promoting loyalty, recruiting troops |
| Enforcement act | also knows as the KKK act these three laws protected African Americans rights. Including rights to vote, hold office, serve on juries, equal protection under law |
| laissez-faire | a policy or attitude of letting things take their own course, without interfering. |
| Social Darwinism | misinterpretation of Darwin's theory of "survival of the fittest" applyed to racism |
| vertical integration | Business model where company gains control over multiple stages of its supply chain. for example production, distribution and retail |
| How the Other Half Lives | Book by Jacob Riis that exposed the terrible living conditions in the New York slums. key points poverty, overcrowding, poor sanitation |
| Civil Service Act of 1883 | merit-based system for federal employment ending in the "spoils system" or political patronage |
| alienation of labor | Karl Marx theory describes how capitalist production systems sever the worker's connection to their work, things they make, fellow human and their own potential |
| Haymarket Square Riot | 1886 strike where industrial workers demanded an 8-hour workday |
| Pullman Strike | Railroad labor boycott in 1894 where they halted all rail traffic after a wage-cutting at the pullman palace car company |
| New Immigration | 1890-1920 nearly 20 million people immigrated to America through Ellis island |
| Great Railroad Strike | violent confrontations in Pittsburgh where state militia killed over 20 citizens, resulting in protestors burning 39 buildings and over 1,000 railroad cars. caused by a third wage cut in one year |
| Chinese Exclusion Act | the first major U.S. federal legislation to explicitly ban a specific ethnic group, prohibiting Chinese laborers from entering the country for 10 years |
| Literacy Tests | assessment tools used primarily from the 1890s to the 1960s to evaluate a person's ability to read and write absurdly complex and subjective designed to disenfranchise black voters |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the "separate but equal" doctrine until it was overturned in 1954 |
| Dawes Act | authorized the U.S. President to break up communal Native American tribal lands into small, individual allotments aiming to force them into American society |
| Ghost Dance | It was a ritualistic, peaceful dance designed to bring back a traditional way of life and foster unity against cultural destruction. led to the Wounded Knee massacre of 1890 |
| Kansas Exodus | the first major post-Civil War migration of roughly 20,000–40,000 African Americans, known as "Exodusters," from the South to Kansas |
| Elizabeth Cady Stanton | prominent 19th century American writer and activist who is considered the founding philosopher of the US women's rights movement. initiating the Seneca Falls Convention |
| Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) | a powerful 19th-century women's organization dedicated to abolishing alcohol (temperance), promoting suffrage, and advocating for social reforms like labor laws |
| Free Silver | a late-19th-century American political campaign advocating for the unlimited coinage of silver at a 16:1 ratio to gold essentially advocating for inflation. |
| William Jennings Bryan | William Jennings Bryan was an American lawyer, orator, and politician. He was a dominant force in the Democratic Party, running three times as the party's nominee for President of the United States in the 1896, 1900, and 1908 elections. |
| Coxey’s Army | Coxey's Army was a protest march by unemployed workers from the United States, led by Ohio businessman Jacob Coxey. They marched on Washington, DC, in 1894 |
| Alfred Thayer Mahan | U.S. Navy officer who wrote a 1890 book, The Influence of Sea Power upon History, 1660–1783 argued that national greatness is fundamentally linked to maritime power, advocating for large, battleship-focused navies |
| Yellow Journalism | late-19th-century newspaper reporting that emphasized sensationalism, lurid exaggeration, and scandal over factual, objective news to boost circulation. Start of "fake news" |
| USS Maine | U.S. Navy battleship that exploded and sank in Havana Harbor, Cuba, on February 15, 1898, killing over 260 sailors. Sent to protect U.S. interests during the Cuban revolt against Spain. "Remember the Maine" |
| Emilio Aguinaldo | first President of the Philippines. He proclaimed Philippine independence on June 12, 1898 |
| Anti-Imperialist League | US organization known for opposing the annexation of the Philippines and American expansionism following the Spanish-American War. advocated for self-determination |
| The Jungle | Upton Sinclair's novel known for exposing the horrific, unsanitary conditions of the American meatpacking industry |
| Robert La Follette | "Fighting Bob" renowned for pioneering the "Wisconsin Idea" to fight corporate corruption. including direct primaries, railroad regulation, worker rights, and the direct election of senators. |
| Jane Addams | co-founding Chicago’s Hull House in 1889 a leading settlement house providing services to immigrants and the poor. Known as the "mother of social work," first woman to win Nobel Peace Prize |
| New Freedom | President Woodrow Wilson’s 1912 campaign platform, to revitalize democracy by breaking up monopolies, reducing tariffs, and reforming banking to favor small business over large corporations. |
| Muller v. Oregon | Supreme Court case that unanimously upheld Oregon state restrictions on the working hours of women (10-hour limit). The decision allowed gender-based labor laws, citing women's physical differences and maternal functions as justifying special protection. |
| Federal Trade Commission | independent U.S. government agency established in 1914 to protect consumers and promote competition |
| conservation movement | a political and social effort, beginning in the late 19th century, aimed at protecting natural resources, wildlife, and ecosystems from exploitation. led by Theodore Roosevelt |
| Lusitania | British luxury ocean liner full of civilians torpedoed by Germany during world war I. enraged Americans and set the staged for the US entering the war |
| Zimmerman Telegram | a coded message sent to Mexico, proposing a military alliance against the United States. What convinced the U.S. to join war |
| Committee on Public Information | a U.S. government agency created by President Wilson in April 1917 to build support for World War I. primary goal was to "sell the war." "halt the Huns" "war garden" |
| Fourteen Points | 1. no secret diplomacy. 2-5. basic freedoms. 6-13 redrawing of the map of Europe. 14. league of nations |
| Great Migration | the mass movement of over six million Black Americans from the rural South to the industrial North, Midwest, and West between roughly 1910 and 1970 Driven by the need to escape Jim Crow laws |
| moral imperialism | the imposition of one culture's or nation's moral standards, values, and ethical framework upon another, often assuming superiority |
Created by:
user-2025390
Popular U.S. History sets