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Chapter 6 Study Guid

Study Guide for Chapter 6

QuestionAnswer
What did the Judiciary Act of 1789 provide the USA The Judiciary Act of 1789 provided the United States with its first federal court system, creating the Supreme Court, lower federal courts, and defining their powers and structure.
Name the three departments created by Washington during his presidency. Who were the department secretaries? During George Washington’s presidency, three executive departments were created: Department of State – led by Thomas Jefferson Department of the Treasury – led by Alexander Hamilton Department of War – led by Henry Knox
Know what the term cabinet means. A cabinet is a group of top advisers to the President of the United States, made up of the heads of executive departments, who help the president make decisions and run the government.
Describe the disagreements between hamilton and jefferson. What did each side believe in. Alexander Hamilton supported a strong federal government, a national bank, and an industrial economy.Thomas Jefferson supported states’ rights a small federal government, and a farming economy.
Know the two parts to hamilton's economic plan. Alexander Hamilton’s economic plan called for the federal government to pay off national and state debts and create a national bank to strengthen the economy.
What did opponents to the creation of the Bank of JSA stress? Opponents of creating the Bank of the United States stressed that it was unconstitutional, gave too much power to the federal government, and favored wealthy elites over farmers and states’ rights.
Why were the southern states angry about the Bank of JSA? How did Hamilton help to ease their anger Southern states opposed the Bank of the United States because it favored northern interests, and Alexander Hamilton eased tensions by agreeing to locate the national capital in the South.
Describe federalists and what they believed in. Federalists wanted a strong federal government, a national bank, and an economy based on industry and trade.
Describe Democratic-Republicans and what they believed in. Democratic-Republicans wanted strong state governments, a farming-based economy, and a strict interpretation of the Constitution.
Explain how Washington handled the situation between these two political groups. **Democratic-Republicans** wanted **strong state governments**, a **farming-based economy**, and a **strict interpretation of the Constitution**.
Why did the Excise Tariff anger Western farmers? The **Excise Tariff** angered Western farmers because it **taxed their whiskey**, which was a major product and trade item, making it **harder for them to earn money**.
Provide a brief description of the Excise Tariff The **Excise Tariff** was a **tax on domestically made goods, especially whiskey**, to help the federal government **pay off national debt**.
Describe the events of the Whiskey Rebellion The **Whiskey Rebellion** occurred when **Western farmers protested the whiskey tax**. **Washington sent troops to stop the rebellion**, showing the federal government could enforce its laws.
Explain why the XYZ Affair created tension between America and France. The **XYZ Affair** created tension because **French agents demanded bribes from American diplomats**, angering the U.S. and **raising fears of war with France**.
What did the president have the power to do, under the Alien and Sedition Acts? Under the **Alien and Sedition Acts**, the president could **arrest, deport, or imprison foreigners** considered dangerous and **punish anyone who criticized the government**.
How did George Washington's death help to smooth over relations with France? **George Washington**’s death in 1799 helped smooth relations with France because it **ended political tensions tied to his leadership**, allowing both countries to **reset diplomatic relations more peacefully**.
What was the main problem of the presidential election of 1800? How was it solved? The **1800 election** tied **Jefferson and Burr** in electoral votes, and the **House of Representatives chose Jefferson** as president to solve it.
Who was Aaron Burr and who did he challenge to a duel? Explain why he did. **Aaron Burr** was **Thomas Jefferson’s vice president** who challenged **Alexander Hamilton** to a duel because **he blamed Hamilton for ruining his political career**.
Explain the 12th amendment. The **12th Amendment** required electors to **cast separate votes for president and vice president**, preventing ties like the one in the 1800 election.
What were some of the decisions Jefferson made during his presidency? During his presidency, **Thomas Jefferson** made the **Louisiana Purchase**, **cut government power and spending**, **sent Lewis and Clark to explore the West**, and **kept the U.S. neutral** in foreign wars.
What was the Judiciary Act of 1801 and why was it a problem for Jefferson? The **Judiciary Act of 1801** created **new federal judgeships** filled by **Federalists**, which was a problem for **Thomas Jefferson** because it **limited his power and gave Federalists control of the courts**.
Explain the significance of Marbury V Madison. The **Marbury v. Madison** was significant because it **established judicial review**, giving the **Supreme Court the power to declare laws unconstitutional** and strengthening the judicial branch.
Know the details of the Louisiana Purchase. The **Louisiana Purchase** was a **land deal between the U.S. and France** in 1803 where **Thomas Jefferson** bought the Louisiana Territory for **$15 million**, **doubling the size of the United States** and **opening land for westward expansion**.
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