Question 1

Infill

Accepted Answer

building new houses, buildings, or stores inside a city on empty or unoccupied land instead of spreading more outward.

Question 2

Central Place

Accepted Answer

a city/town that helps provide different goods and services for people who live near by.

Question 3

central business district (CBD)

Accepted Answer

the main, downtown area of a city where most businesses, shops, and offices are located.

Question 4

blockbusting

Accepted Answer

Real estate owners telling white families to sell their homes for lower prices by having them fear that black families are moving into the neighborhood. Additionally, when the black families move in, they make sure to sell the home at higher prices.

Question 5

edge city

Accepted Answer

a large area that’s outside of the main CBD near highways and the suburbs with businesses, shopping centers, and offices.

Question 6

forward thrust city

Accepted Answer

a city in a developing country that only grows because of government planning and investment, not natural economic growth.

Question 7

gentrification

Accepted Answer

When wealthier people move into a lower income neighborhood and change the environment through rebuilding houses, raising property values, and even higher rents. it can also push out the lower income people who can’t afford to live there anymore.

Question 8

zone of abandoment

Accepted Answer

Part of a city with many buildings and homes that are left empty from the people and businesses who moved away. This part of the city usually has high poverty rates, crime, and barely any investment.

Question 9

megalopolis

Accepted Answer

a huge urban region where several cities and outside suburbs join together to create one massive area.

Question 10

megacity

Accepted Answer

when a city has a population of over 10 million people (very large)

Question 11

primate city

Accepted Answer

The largest city in a country that is much bigger and more important than any other city, often dominating politics, culture, and the economy.

Question 12

metacity

Accepted Answer

a huge urban area or city with a population number of over 20 million

Question 13

suburbanization

Accepted Answer

the process of people beginning to move out towards the suburbs of cities where they can find more space, better house pricing, and a calmer lifestyle.

Question 14

urbanization

Accepted Answer

people moving from rural areas to cities, making the population and size of the city to grow

Question 15

urban sprawl

Accepted Answer

an unplanned movement of a city when it grows outwards to more rural areas around it that usually has not as many houses, roads, or people.

Question 16

counter urbanization

Accepted Answer

when people move from large cities to a more rural area or small town because they tend to want a quieter lifestyle, lower cost of living, and more space around.

Question 17

world city

Accepted Answer

`a well known city world wide that's known for its unique culture, infrastructure, politics, and economy, influencing many other countries around the world.

Question 18

mixed use development

Accepted Answer

an urban planning system that combines residential, commercial, and also recreational spaces in a certain place.

Question 19

redlining

Accepted Answer

not approving certain loans, insurance, or services (usually based on ethnicity or race) in a neighborhood, making it hard for them to afford to live there or improve the area.

Question 20

boomburb

Accepted Answer

fast growing suburban cities that usually have over 100,000 people (larger than typical suburbs) because of people and businesses moving there for more space, better housing, or job opportunities.

Question 21

brownfield

Accepted Answer

polluted or contaminated land that was once used in big cities for industry or business work, but is now left alone and abandoned.

Question 22

eminent domain

Accepted Answer

when the government pays the owner of private land so they can use it for the public.

Question 23

exburbs

Accepted Answer

wealthy suburb places further out from the city that people move to, but still travel to and from work in the city.

Question 24

squatter settlements

Accepted Answer

areas with poor conditions and not much access to services that people illegally build homes on land they don’t own.

Question 25

transportation-oriented development

Accepted Answer

homes, buildings, and stores being built next to transportation systems so people are able to walk, bike, or catch the bus instead of always driving.

Question 26

traditional zoning

Accepted Answer

rules that help keep different areas of homes, buildings, or even factories apart on separate pieces of land.

Question 27

new urbanization

Accepted Answer

a new planning system for cities that helps make more places walkable, community based, and a mix of different landscapes/buildings instead of always using cars and spreading everything out.

Question 28

greenbelt

Accepted Answer

an open land of farmland or forests surrounding a city that is restricted from building on to keep it intact.

Question 29

filtering

Accepted Answer

as rich people move out of wealthy neighborhoods, or their huge homes, they are divided into smaller and cheaper apartments for lower-income people.

Question 30

shock cities

Accepted Answer

during industrialization, these are cities that grow extremely fast in terms of overcrowding, pollution, poverty, and poor housing that causes many issues for the city.

Question 31

multiplier effect

Accepted Answer

for every one basic job created in a city, there are 3 to 4 non-basic jobs to replace it

Question 32

range

Accepted Answer

How far a person is willing to go to obtain a good or service. This is highly personalized since everyone has different opinions on how far they would travel.

Question 33

threshold

Accepted Answer

The minimum number of people needed in an area in order for a business to be successful. Every business is different because they each have their own markers of success or amount of people needed.

Question 34

rank-size-rule

Accepted Answer

if the highest population of a city in a country had 8 million people, the 2nd largest would have 4 million, the 3rd largest would have around 2.6 million, and the 4th largest would have 2 million.

Question 35

urban renewal

Accepted Answer

The city or government improves a neighborhood with new buildings, roads, or services.

Question 36

sunbelt

Accepted Answer

a region along the southern U.S. that’s known for having a hot climate, many job opportunities, and a growing population.

Question 37

pre-industrial cities

Accepted Answer

cities that were created before factories/industries, where many people still worked in farms or small markets.

Question 38

industrial cities

Accepted Answer

these cities grew a lot during the industrial revolution because of early factory work and industries. They also became overcrowded very quickly because of the amount of people who moved to work in the factories instead of farming.

Question 39

Post-Industrial Cities

Accepted Answer

when cities made the effort to move on from industrialization. People stopped working as much in factories and began working in services, technology, and office buildings. Cities are cleaner,  use mixed use development, and more organized.

Question 40

forward thrust city

Accepted Answer

when a government invests a lot of money into a city to help it grow quicker and help the country's economy. They try to relieve the pressure on the capital and physically move it somewhere else.

Question 41

basic jobs

Accepted Answer

more unique, valuable, and rare industries that can’t be duplicated. The products produced are almost always exported out, and not utilized by the people in the city.

Question 42

non-basic jobs

Accepted Answer

industries that require very little skill, education, or work experience. You can replicate these and find them in almost every city.

Question 43

economic base

Accepted Answer

The make up and % of basic and non-basic industries in a city. Cities want more basic industries since they help bring money into the city from outside sources. Non-basic jobs are equally because they help support the people who already live there.

Question 44

1790-1830: Sailwagon

Accepted Answer

first beginnings of our country's history developing near waterways, ports, or rivers because shipping and wagons was our main transportation.

Question 45

1830-1870: Iron Horse (regional)

Accepted Answer

the rise of steam boats and steam trains connecting cities regionally and causing them to grow quickly because of how easy it was to move people and goods longer distances.

Question 46

1870-1920: Steelrail (transcontinental)

Accepted Answer

heavy rise of industrialized cities around the great lakes expanding their cities outwards from fully transcontinental railroads across the country. This helped create early suburbs where people could move further away from the main city and still work.

Question 47

1920-1970: Auto-Air Amenity

Accepted Answer

beginnings of the car Ford Model T (cheapest/most affordable) and airplanes. These allowed people to easily move out of cities (suburbanization) and caused an urban sprawl in south west states.

Question 48

1970’s-Current: High Technology

Accepted Answer

rise of faster jets, satellites within travel, and the rise of regular internet (faster speeds) to connect more people globally.

Question 49

Gravity Model (urbanization)

Accepted Answer

shows the interactions between people and cities based on their size, distance, and goods/services provided. For ex, bigger cities attract more businesses and people, while smaller cities that are closer together get more people than the 1's further apart

Question 50

census tract

Accepted Answer

small areas with around 3,000-8,000 people created by the census bureau to get data from.

Question 51

U.S. Census Bureau

Accepted Answer

a government business that helps collect data on population number, age, race, income, and housing to make important decisions on things.

Question 52

second agricultural revolution

Accepted Answer

Started during the Industrial Revolution when factories created jobs in cities. People moved from farms to urban areas for work, causing rapid city growth, urbanization, and new transportation, but also overcrowding and pollution.

Question 53

annexation

Accepted Answer

when a city adds land further outside its borders, and further into the suburbs to expand its size, increase tax revenue, or to control their own development.

Question 54

Egalitarian

Accepted Answer

when everyone was theoretically equal in terms of power (no dominant people/rulers)

Question 55

Prior Urban Revolutions

Accepted Answer

Small rural villages where people were mostly equal in power. Communities relied on hunting, gathering, fishing, and early farming through trial and error. Settlements were small and less organized than later cities (2-3,000 max)

Question 56

First Urban Revolution

Accepted Answer

around 5-6,000 years ago when farming created food surpluses so not everyone had to farm. People took other jobs (trade, government, religion), leading to organized cities with leaders, classes, and infrastructure.

Question 57

Multiple Nuclei Model

Accepted Answer

Shows how the city doesn’t grow around a single CBD or downtown, but instead develops from multiple nodes that make the city. This model was created because og models like the Concentric Rings Model didn’t completely match up with how modern cities grew.

Question 58

Harris and Ullman (United States)

Accepted Answer

Developers of Multiple Nuclei Model

Question 59

nodes

Accepted Answer

Are functional regions that draw people in and bring people from different social classes into the node. Certain nodes will bring people together regardless of their social class or income level.

Question 60

Incompatible

Accepted Answer

smoke stacks represent industries where the rich/elite don’t live near since they don’t want to live in loud, polluted, or crowded areas (opposite). This shows how certain places or activities don’t mix well, which is why certain things are further away.

Question 61

Sector Model

Accepted Answer

a model showing how cities grow in wedge shaped sections that spread out from the center downtown (CBD).

Question 62

Hoyt (United States)

Accepted Answer

Developer of sector model

Question 63

transportation/industry (2)- sector model

Accepted Answer

a section that's developed along transportation routes like highways, roads, rivers, or railroads. Factories and industries are also located here because it makes transporting them easier.

Question 64

Low-Income Location (3)-  sector model

Accepted Answer

right next to the sector that has transportation or industry  for lower class people who rely on close, public transportation like buses since they can’t afford cars.

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unit 6 vocab + test