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APHY 101 Bones
Bones and articulations
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| clavicles | cone-shaped sternal end articulates with sternum medially, anchors muscles, act as braces to hold the scapulae and arms out laterally |
| scapulae | on dorsal surface of rib cage; flat and triangular, with 3 borders and 3 angles |
| how many bones form skeletal framework of each upper limb? | 30 - arm-humerus, forearm-radius and ulna, hand- 8/5/14-carpal bones in the wrist, 5 metacarpal bones in the palm, 14 phalanges in the fingers |
| humerus | longest, largest bone of upper limb |
| ulna | medial bone in forearm that forms major portion of elbow joint with humerus |
| radius | lateral bone in forearm |
| carpus (wrist) | eight bones in two rows proximal to distal, lateral to medial: scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate |
| metacarpus (palm) | five metacarpal bones I to V from thumb to little finger form the palm |
| phalanges (fingers) | fingers numbers I to V starting at thumb (pollex) - digit I pollex has 2 bones and no middle phalanx; digits II to V have 3 bones: distal, middle, and proximal phalanx |
| hip bones | os coxae with 3 regions each: ilium, ischium, pubis (points anterior) |
| female pelvis | adapted for childbearing: broad, shallow, and greater capacity |
| femur | largest and strongest bone in the body, 1/4 of person's height in length, articulates proximally with acetabulum of hip and distally with tibia and patella |
| patella | sesamoid bone in quadriceps tendon |
| tibia | receives weight of body from femur |
| fibula | not weight bearing |
| tarsus | seven tarsal bones form posterior half of foot, body weight carried primarily by talus and calcaneus, other tarsal bones: cuboid, navicular, and medial, intermediate, and lateral cuneiform bones |
| metatarsals: five metatarsal bones I to V from hallus to little toe, enlarged head of metatarsal I forms "ball" of the foot | |
| phalanges (toes) | 14 bones of toes, digit I hallux has 2 bones and no middle phalanx; digits II to V have 3 bones - distal, middle, and proximal phalanx |
| axial skeleton has how many bones? | 80 |
| axial skeleton has what 3 regions? | skull, verterbral column, thoracic cage |
| skull is formed by what two sets of bones? | cranial and facial bones |
| what are the eight cranial bones? | octavia's palate tasted ethan's fried spaghetti - frontal bone, parietal (2), occipital, temporal (2), sphenoid, ethmoid |
| frontal | forms the anterior portion of the cranium, articulates posteriorly with the parietal bones via the coronal suture |
| parietal | 2 large, curved rectangular bones that form most of the superior and lateral aspects of the skull. 4 of the largest sutures are found here |
| coronal suture | parietal meets frontal |
| sagittal suture | parietal bones meeting in the middle |
| lambdoid suture | parietal meets occipital |
| squamous suture | parietal meets temporal |
| occipital bone | forms most of the skull's posterior wall and base |
| temporal bone | paired bones located on the lateral sides and base of the skull, just below the parietal bones and surrounding the ear canals, articulate with occipital, parietal, sphenoid, zygomatic and mandible |
| sphenoid bone | butterfly-shaped bone that spans the width of the middle cranial fossa |
| ethmoid | deepest skull bone; forms superior part of nasal septum, roof of nasal cavities, contributes to medial wall of orbits |
| mandible | lower jaw, largest, strongest bone of face, with temporomandibular joint being the only freely movable joint in skull |
| maxillae | medially fused to form upper jaw and central portion of facial skeleton, articulates with frontal bone |
| zygomatic bones | irregularly shaped cheekbones that form the prominences of the cheeks and the inferolateral margins of the orbits |
| nasal bones | thin medially fused bones that form the bridge of the nose |
| lacrimal bones | contribute to the medial walls of the orbit and contain a deep groove called the lacrimal fossa that houses the lacrimal sac |
| palatine bones | two bone plates that form portions of the hard palate, the posterolateral walls of the nasal cavity, and a small part of the orbits |
| vomer | plow-shaped bone that forms part of the nasal septum |
| inferior nasal conchae | paired, curved bones in the nasal cavity that form part of the lateral walls of the nasal cavity |
| hyoid | not part of the skull, lies inferior to the mandible in the anterior neck; the only bone in the body that does not articulate directly with another bone; is the attachment point for neck muscles that raise and lower the larynx during swallowing and speech |
| vertebral column has how many bones? | 26 irregular bones - 7/12/5 cervical, thoracic, lumbar, then sacrum & coccyx |
| C1-7 | smallest, lightest vertebrae |
| C3-7 | distinguished with an oval body, short bifid spinous processes, and large, triangular vertebral foramina; each transverse process contains a transverse foramen |
| the atlas | C1 = no body and no spinous process, but consists of anterior and posterior arches, and two lateral masses; the superior surfaces of lateral masses articulate with the occipital condyles |
| the axis | C2 = has a body, spine, and vertebral arches as do other cervical vertebrae; but uniquely has the dens or odontoid process. the dens is a pivot for the rotation of the atlas (atlantoaxial joint) |
| thoracic vertebrae | 12 of them all of which articulate with ribs |
| lumbar vertebrae | 5 of them, located in the small of the back and have an enhanced weight-bearing function; short, thick pedicles and laminae, flat hatched-shaped spinous processes, and a triangular-shaped vertebral foramen |
| sacrum | consists of five fused vertebrae which shape the posterior wall of the pelvis; articulates with L5 superiorly and with the auricular surfaces of the hip bones |
| coccyx | made of 4 or 3-5 fused vertebrae that articulate superiorly with the sacrum |
| sternum (breastbone) | dagger-shaped, flat bone that lies in the anterior midline of the thorax |
| ribs | 12 pairs form the flaring sides of the thoracic cage |
| true or false: all ribs attach posteriorly to the thoracic vertebrae | true |
| superior 7 pair "true ribs" aka vertebrosternal ribs | attach directly to the sternum via costal cartilages |
| ribs 8-10 pair ("false" ribs or vertebrocondral ribs) | attach indirectly to the sternum via constal cartilage |
| ribs 11-12 pair (floating, or vertebral ribs) | do not attach to sternum |
| orbit club | frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, zygomatic, lacrimal, palatine, maxillary |
Created by:
elianayu
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