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Ancient China
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Describe the North China Plains. | Flat fertile land and Good for grazing animals |
| Why are the North China Plains called "The land of the yellow earth"? | The loess from the Gobi Desert makes the land fertile when the Huang He floods |
| Why is the Huang He River yellow? | The loess from the Gobi gets blown into the river |
| What are the challenges of the Huang He River? | Unexpected flooding and The cold-climate in the winter |
| What is one benefit of living in The Chang Jiang River Vallley? | Warm, wet, humid climate good for growing rice year round |
| What is one challenge of living in the Chang River Valley? | Not a lot of fertile land for growing crops |
| How did they create fertile land in the Chang Jiang River Valley? | Built terraces |
| Why is the Tibetan Plateau called "The roof of the world"? | It is 2 1/2 miles above sea level which makes the climate very cold |
| Why is there no fertile land in the Tibetan Plateau? | Cold and dry, hard to grow crops and made trade and travel difficult |
| What is the tallest mountain peak in the Himalayas? | Mount everest |
| What is one benefit of the Himalayas? | Natural Protection |
| What does Taklamakan mean? | Once you go in you will not come out |
| How did the Taklamakan get its name? | Sudden Sandstorms |
| How is the Gobi desert different from the Taklamakan? | The gobi desert is made of small pebbles which are called loess (silt) which creates fertile land |
| How is the Gobi desert connected to the Huang He/North China Plains? | Loess from the Gobi Desert covers the ground |
| What is the mandate of heaven? | The right to rule given by heaven |
| According to the Mandate of heaven, what did the Chinese owe to their leader? | Complete loyalty and obedience |
| How do we know the Shang dynasty existed and was more than a myth? | archeologists uncovered the ruins of Anyang in the Huang He river valley which revealed many artifacts that supported the existance of the Shang dynasty. |
| How does bronze relate to the Shang dynasty? | 1st to discover bronze, which was made from mixing copper and tin to produce weapons |
| What was the purpose of Oracle bones? | Used to communicate with ancestors since they believed they had the power to help or harm them |
| What led to the downfall of the Shang dynasty? List three reasons. | Fighting so many wars weakened the military and the Shang power. Also the kings and nobles spent too much money on palaces, clothing and tombs. Kings spent more time hunting rather than ruling the dynasty |
| Define feudalism | A give and take relationship between the social classes that created law and order |
| What did the Nobles provide to the King? | Loyalty and military service |
| What did the King provide to the Nobles? | States/districts/land |
| What did the Nobles provide Peasants? | Protection |
| What did the Peasants provide to the Nobles? | Goods/crops |
| Why was feudalism created during the Zhou dynasty? | increased the stability of the rule |
| What led to the downfall of the Zhou Dynasty? | Nobles fought the king for power of the dynasty and Nobles fighting wars against each other that weakened the dynasty |
| What question did the Chinese ask at the end of the Zhou dynasty? | What is the best way for rulers/leaders to govern? |
| Why did the Chinese develop Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism? | They needed to find a way to govern that would be effective and answer their question of the best way to govern |
| Describe the basic idea of Confucianism and how rulers should rule under this philosophy | Basic ideas: honest, fair, goodness Rulers should: be fair and honest to create a peaceful society |
| Describe the basic idea of Daoism and how rulers should rule under this philosophy | Basic ideas: simple, natural lifestyle Rulers should: be simple and peaceful |
| Describe the basic idea of Legalism and how rulers should rule under this philosophy | Basic ideas: harsh, strict laws Rulers should: enforce laws with rewards for good behavior and harsh punishment for bad behavior |
| Which philosophy did the leader of the Qin dynasty (Shi Huang Di) follow? Why? | Emporer Qin Shihuangdi ruled using Legalism because its was a fast way to control the people in the civilization |
| What did Emporer Qin standardize and why was it important? | Money weights and measures which made everything fair and equal |
| Why did they build the Great Wall of China? | For protection from invaders form the north |
| Who opposed Emporer Qin rule of the dynasty and why? | The confucian scholars because he believed in legalism and it was the complete oppisite of Confucianism |
| Why did Emporer Qin's order of the execution of 460 Confucian scholars and the burning of the books? | He was afraid that they would feel Confucianism is the better way to rule and they would challenge his authority. He burned the books because he didn't want people to learn about Confucianism and wanted to rebel against legalism |
| What was the purpose of the chain pump? | Transport water from river to fields to irrigate crops |
| What is the purpose of the seismograph? | Detects earthquakes |
| What is the purpose of the kite? | Send messages and scare enemies away |
| Why is silk valuable? | Only the Chinese knew how to produce it |
| Which Chinese philosophy was the best way to rule China during the Han dynasty? | Confucianism |
| What is the purpose of the civil servant exam? | Test that allowed people to get a government job if it was passed (Social Mobility) |
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