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14 Today's Nation
Terms from US History Since 1877
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Egalitarianism | A belief in the equality of all people |
| Social Contract | A voluntary agreement among individuals to secure their rights and welfare by creating a government and abiding by its rules. |
| Separation of Powers | the division of power among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government to prevent one branch from becoming tyrannical with power |
| Natural Rights | the idea that all humans are born with rights, which include the right to life, liberty, and property |
| U.S. Constitution | The document written in 1787 and ratified in 1788 that sets forth the institutional structure of the U.S. government and the tasks these institutions perform. It replaced the Articles of Confederation. |
| Bill of Rights | The first ten amendments to the Constitution, they protect individual rights |
| Declaration of Independence | 1776 statement, issued by the Second Continental Congress, explaining why the colonies wanted independence from Britain; did not create a government or laws |
| E pluribus unum | out of many, one (the motto of the US). |
| Republicanism/Democracy | A philosophy of limited government with elected representatives serving at the will of the people. The government is based on consent of the governed. |
| Popular Sovereignty | A belief that ultimate power resides in the people. |
| Federalism | A system in which power is divided between the national and state governments |
| Checks and Balances | A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power |
| liberty | freedom |
| Individualism | a social theory favoring freedom of action for individuals over collective or state control. |
| Populism | support for the concerns of ordinary people |
| Laissez-faire | Idea that government should play as small a role as possible in economic affairs. |
| interest group | a group of people with common goals who organize to influence government |
| Lobbying | Engaging in activities aimed at influencing public officials, especially legislators, and the policies they enact. |
| Political Action Committee (PAC) | A committee set up by a corporation, labor union, or interest group that raises and spends campaign money from voluntary donations |
| Secularization | indifference to or rejection of religion or religious consideration |
| Eugenics | the science of improving a human population by controlled breeding to increase the occurrence of desirable heritable characteristics |
| Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 | A law passed in 1990 that requires employers and public facilities to make "reasonable accommodations" for people with disabilities and prohibits discrimination against these individuals in employment. |
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