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12 Late 20th Century
Terms from US History Since 1877
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Endangered Species | This act passed in 1973, Nixon designed this law to protect species nearing extinction due to human interaction. |
| Environmental Protection Agency | Nixon created this federal agency to protect human health and the environment through rules and regulations. |
| OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) | This is the organization formed by oil-producing countries to control the supply and set prices. It was used as a political weapon when they imposed an oil embargo on the U.S. for siding with Israel in the 1973 war. |
| Détente | Nixon's foreign policy meaning a relaxation of tensions and peaceful competition with China. |
| Richard M Nixon | President of the United States that was instrumental in improving relations with China. His presidency signaled a growing conservative movement in the US. Under threat of impeachment, he resigned after the Watergate Scandal. |
| Watergate | This political crisis during Nixon's term involved a failed break-in of the Democratic headquarters and Nixon's involvement in covering up the crime. It ultimately led to his resignation. |
| War on Drugs | a phrase used to refer to a government-led initiative developed by the Nixon administration that aims to stop illegal drug use, distribution and trade by dramatically increasing prison sentences for both drug dealers and users |
| Camp David Accords | A peace treaty between Egypt and Israel (helped by Pres. Carter) to resolve long-term disputes. |
| Iranian Hostage Crisis | In 1979, militants held the US Embassy hostage for 444 days. Carter's greatest challenge and led to his defeat in 1980. |
| Ronald Reagan | As President of the United States from 1981-1989, he was instrumental in helping end the Cold War and for pushing for more conservative policies. He sought to return more control to the states and decrease the size of the federal government. |
| Reagonomics | Reagan's supply-side economic program using tax cuts, reducing the government size and spending, and decreasing inflation. "Trickle down economics" |
| Peace through Strength | President Ronald Reagan's policy of building a strong peacetime military. The Soviet's attempt to keep up with the U.S. pushed their economy to the brink. |
| Iran Contra Affair | Arms sales to Iran in exchange for the release of U.S. hostages. Arms were later sold to Nicaraguan Contras. Reagan's administration undermined Congress's wishes about continuing to intervene in these kinds of conflicts. |
| Billy Graham | He has been a spiritual and moral adviser to many U.S. Presidents. As a prominent Christian leader, he spoke out against communism during the Cold War era. Most Presidents since Dwight Eisenhower have called upon Mr. Graham during times of crisis. |
| AIDS epidemic | The a new and lethal disease first documented in 1981. The association with homosexuality made the disease highly stigmatized and long ignored by the Reagan administration. |
| Sandra Day O'Connor | In 1981 Reagan nominated her as the first woman Supreme Court Justice. |
| Moral Majority | This was a highly influential conservative group of evangelical Christians successful in pushing social issues into presidential politics. Founded by Jerry Falwell. |
| Heritage Foundation | This was a political think tank during Reagan's presidency that sought to promote conservative policies. |
| National Rifle Association | This group was the largest political lobbying organization that sought to secure 2nd amendment rights. |
| Persian Gulf War | The U.S. led the UN to remove Saddam Hussein from Kuwait to secure oil reserves in the Middle East during this conflict. |
| Balkans Crisis | After the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991 wars between former Soviet nations led to this humanitarian crisis and charges of ethnic cleansing. |
| William "Bill" Clinton | Democrat elected in 1992, potentially with the help of a Republican vote split between incumbent president George H. W. Bush and third party candidate Ross Perot. This president was impeached by the House but acquitted by the Senate for perjury. |
| Contract with America | This was published by the Republican party, outlining their conservative policies towards taxes, spending and government size. |
| The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) | This organization was designed to reduce tariffs. It was later replaced by the World Trade Organization. |
| Al Gore | He was Vice President for Clinton and lost the 2000 presidential election to George W. Bush in one of the closest elections in history. |
| NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) | This agreement passed by Clinton created a common market between Mexico, Canada and the U.S. removing trade barriers and tariffs. |
| George H.W. Bush | president during the Persian Gulf War, ability to quickly bring the war to a conclusion while suffering relatively few casualties resulted in the second-highest approval rating of any president, 89%, helped end the Cold War |
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