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09 The Cold War

Terms from US History Since 1877

TermDefinition
Berlin Airlift President Truman authorized this policy to send daily supplies to West Berlin in response to Soviet blockades.
Containment This policy was used by Americans to prevent Communism from spreading further not overturning it where it existed.
Education After Sputnik, the U.S. increased funding for this field (especially math and science) to improve American ability to compete with the Soviets.
HUAC (House Un-American Activities Committee) This group led investigations of suspected communists and fascists. Many who were questioned by this committee included actors and directors.
Korean War This was the first significant armed conflict between communist and non-communist forces. It ends with an armistice on the 38th parallel.
Marshall Plan In 1948 this plan extended efforts to prevent communist takeovers by providing economic aid to war torn countries in Europe
McCarthyism This is the name for the era of investigations of suspected communists based on accusations without much evidence.
Truman Doctrine In 1947 this policy was passed to assist nations in preventing communist takeovers. It initially focused on Greece and Turkey and later opened to all.
Venona Papers In 1995 these documents were released confirming the identities of Soviet spies in the American government and other industries.
22nd Amendment Amendment that created a 2 term limit on presidents, ratified after FDR was elected 4 times in a row.
George Marshall United States general and statesman who as Secretary of State organized the European Recovery Program (1880-1959) to help rebuild after the war and prevent communism from spreading.
Soviet Union (USSR) An ally in WWII, this nation became America's adversary in the Cold War; a communist country run by a dictator
United Nations (UN) an organization of independent states formed in 1945 to promote international peace and security
Domino Theory A theory that if one nation comes under Communist control, then neighboring nations will also come under Communist control.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 1949 alliance of nations that agreed to band together in the event of war and to support and protect each nation involved, at first a security measure against the threat of Soviet expansion.
Baby Boom A cohort of individuals born in the United States between 1946 and 1964, just after World War II, in a time of relative peace and prosperity. These conditions allowed for better opportunities, encouraging high rates of both marriage and fertility.
GI Bill law passed in 1944 to help returning veterans buy homes and pay for higher educations; also known as the Serviceman's Readjustment Act.
Sun Belt U.S. region, mostly comprised of southeastern and southwestern states, which has grown most dramatically since World War II.
Jonas Salk Developed the polio vaccine in 1952
Rock an Roll A style of music popular with teenagers in the 1950s, wedging a generational gap between Baby Boomers and their parents.
Mao Zedong (1893-1976) Leader of the Communist Party in China that overthrew Jiang Jieshi and the Nationalists. Established China as the People's Republic of China and ruled from 1949 until 1976.
Kim Il Sung Communist leader of North Korea; his attack on South Korea in 1950 started the Korean War. He remained in power until 1994.
Harry Truman 33rd President of the United States. Led the U.S. to victory in WWII making the ultimate decision to use atomic weapons for the first time. Shaped U.S. foreign policy regarding the Soviet Union after the war.
Dwight D. Eisenhower 34th president of the United States, first Republican president in 20 years, socially progressive but fiscally conservative, backed the integration of public schools and the formation of NASA
Created by: LewisAndLarks
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