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05 World War I
Terms from US History Since 1877
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Airplanes | This new technology was first used in World War I primarily for seeing what was going on behind enemy lines. |
| American Expeditionary Forces | This group of forces were under the command of General John J. Pershing during World War I. By the end of the war this group included over a quarter of a million Americans. |
| Battle of Argonne Forest | The largest battle in U.S. history involving over 1 million soldiers, they would be successful in breaking through the German defenses. It was part of the 100 days offensive that would lead to the end of World War I. The U.S. soldiers were led in battle b |
| Fourteen Points | Woodrow Wilson's plan to reorganize Europe, establish self-determination and create the League of nations. |
| Great Migration | This event was during WWI when hundreds of thousands of African Americans left the south to move to northern U.S. cities for job opportunities and to escape racial violence in the south. |
| Isolationism | American foreign policy returned to this after WWI, separating themselves from other countries' affairs. |
| Henry Cabot Lodge | Senator who strongly supported the idea of expansionism for moral reasons, major opponent to the League of Nations |
| Machine Guns | These new mechanized weapons used during WWI increased loss of life from previous wars and led the war into a stalemate in the trenches. |
| Nationalism | The belief that each nationality is entitled to its own government and homeland and was one of the causes of WWI. |
| Neutrality | When the war broke out in 1914, the U.S. declared this policy until events pushed Americans to enter the war. |
| Poison Gas | Used for the first time in World War I. Because of the horrific nature of the injuries, nations would come together to outlaw its use in future wars. |
| Schenck v United States | The Supreme Court ruled that freedom of speech can be limited if the speech creates a "clear and present danger" to others. |
| Submarine Warfare | After the sinking of the Lusitania, Germans promised to stop this unrestricted action. When they resumed it prompted U.S. entry into WWI. |
| Tanks | These were first introduced in World War I and helped break the stalemate of trench warfare by giving forces a way to cross No Man's Land. |
| Treaty of Versailles | This peace agreement ended WWI and took away all land holdings from Germany, forced them to accept blame for the war, reduced their military., and required to pay reparations. |
| Trench Warfare | This new form of warfare developed during WWI when troops were forced to dig into the ground to escape machine gun fire, they were separated by fields of barbed wire known as "no man's land." |
| WWI Causes | Nationalism, Alliance Systems, Imperialism, and Militarism (long term); assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary (immediate) |
| Alvin York | He fought in the Battle of Argonne Forrest in WWI. He reportedly killed 25 Germans and captured 132 prisoners. He was a conscientious objector but eventually was convinced to serve. |
| Imperialism | the practice of extending a nation's power and influence by controlling other territories |
| Militarism | the belief or desire of a government or people that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests. |
| Central Powers | In World War I the alliance of Germany and Austria-Hungary and other nations allied with them in opposing, grown out of the pre-war Triple Alliance. |
| Allied Powers | Britain, France, and Russia (the Triple Entente before the war)- Later joined by Italy and the United States |
| Stalemate | A deadlock in which neither side is able to defeat the other |
| Espionage and Sedition Acts | two laws, enacted in 1917 and 1918, that imposed harsh penalties on anyone interfering with or speaking against U.S. participation in WWI |
| League of Nations | A world organization established in 1920 to promote international cooperation and peace. First proposed in 1918 by President Woodrow Wilson, although the United States never joined the League because they feared future entanglement in European affairs. |
| Reparations | Payment for war damages |
| John J. Pershing | Commander of American Expeditionary Force of over 1 million troops who insisted his soldiers fight as independent units so US would have independent role in shaping the peace |
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