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US History - Unit 9
Prosperity & Depression (1920's & 30's)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Roaring Twenties | The decade of the 1920's which got this nickname because of the times prosperity and excitement |
| Warren Harding | 29th president of the U.S. Pro-business Republican. Presidency becomes marked by corruption and scandal. |
| Calvin Coolidge | 30th president of the U.S. Takes presidency after Harding's death. Pro-business Republican. Economy initially does well. |
| Henry Ford | Used the assembly line to mass produce automobiles, lowering their prices for increased access. |
| Prohibition | The period from 1920 to 1933 when the sale and manufacturing of alcoholic beverages was prohibited in the United States by a constitutional amendment |
| Bootlegger | Smugglers of illegal alcohol during the Prohibition era. |
| Nativism | - Belief that natural born citizens were superior to all others. - Became the basis for distrust of immigrants coming to America. |
| Harlem Renaissance | A period in the 1920s when African-American achievements in art and music and literature flourished; centered in Harlem |
| The Great Migration | The movement of African Americans from the Southern countryside to Northern cities |
| 19th Amendment | Granted American women the right to vote. |
| Emergency Quota Act | Limited the amount of incoming immigrants to the US. |
| Speakeasy | A place where alcoholic drinks were sold and consumed illegally during prohibition. |
| Sacco and Vanzetti Trial | Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were Italian immigrants charged with murder in Massachusetts. The trial lasted from 1920-1927. Convicted on circumstantial evidence; many believed they had been framed for the crime because of their anarchist and pro-union activities. |
| Palmer Raids | Measures to hunt out political radicals and immigrants who were potential threats to American security; led to the arrest of nearly thousands and the deportation of hundreds. |
| Scopes "Monkey" Trial | 1925 court case in Tennessee that focused on the issue of teaching evolution in public schools illustrating the clash between fundamentalism and modernism. |
| Installment Buying | Method of buying on credit and paying money back in installments, or small portions paid on a schedule. |
| Assembly Line | A manufacturing process in which parts are added as the product moves from workstation to workstation. |
| Radio and Movies | The introduction of radio popularized a "national" news across the country and exposed Americans to regional music. Movies provided entertainment, sold products, and created a common national experience. |
| Ku Klux Klan | First recognized American terrorist group organized after the Civil War to take away the newly found freedoms of African Americans. In the 1920s, the group also targeted immigrants, Catholics and radicals. |
| 21st Amendment | Repealed the 18th amendment (prohibition) |
| Temperance | The movement to get alcohol banned. |
| "Return to Normalcy" | President Harding's proposal to bring America back to how things were before the war. |
| Teapot Dome Scandal | President Harding had appointed personal friends as members for his cabinet. Some of these members were involved in government corruption such as the secretary of Interior leasing oil-rich land in return for bribes. |
| Huey Long | Opposed the New Deal and proposed a "Share our Wealth" program. |
| Black Tuesday | The day of the Stock Market Crash. Many Americans sold their stock as prices dropped, flooding the market with cheap stocks. |
| Stock | A share in owning a company. |
| Herbert Hoover | 31st President. Was blamed by the American public because he was president when the depression started. |
| Hooverville | Depression shantytowns, named after the president whom many blamed for their financial distress in the 1930s |
| Dust Bowl | Region of the Great Plains that experienced a drought in 1930 lasting for a decade, leaving many farmers without work or substantial wages. |
| Unequal Distribution of Wealth | The earnings between the wealthy and poor were widely apart, a cause of the Great Depression. |
| Trickle Down Economics | - Hoover's response to the depression. - Government giving money to the businesses and banks to restart the economy in hopes that the money would reach the people. |
| Bonus Army | - Veterans that gathered in Washington D.C. demanding their war bonus payments from Congress. - Hoover orders Army to remove veterans, Army uses force. |
| Franklin Delano Roosevelt | 32nd President. Elected during the height of the depression. Encourages government intervention to repair the economy. |
| Fireside Chats | President Roosevelt's radio addresses to the public. |
| Direct Relief | Cash payments or food provided by the government to the poor. |
| Glass Steagall Act 1933 | This act forbade commercial banks from engaging in excessive speculation, added $1 billion in gold to economy and established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). |
| FDIC | Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. This entity provided insurance from the government to personal banking accounts up to $5,000. These assured people that their money was safe and secure. This agency still functions today. |
| Hawley Smoot Tariff (1930) | 1930-highest tariff in U.S. history. It raised duties on agricultural and manufactured imports. It may have contributed to the spread of international economic depression. |
| Court Packing | In the wake of Supreme Court decisions that declared key pieces of New Deal legislation unconstitutional, Roosevelt proposed increasing the number of justices. If a justice did not retire at age seventy, the President could appoint an additional justice up to a maximum of six. |
| TVA | Tennessee Valley Authority. Built dams for flood control and hydroelectric power in the Tennessee valley, created projects to combat erosion and deforestation. |
| CCC | Civilian Conservation Corps 1933. This unemployment relief act hired young men for reforestation programs, firefighting. flood control, spawn drainage, etc; |
| The New Deal | The programs and policies to promote economic recovery and social reform introduced during the 1930s by President Franklin D. Roosevelt (what he promised the people when he was elected) |
| Social Securities Act | Provides disability insurance, unemployment insurance, and pensions. |
| WPA | Works Progress Administration - put jobless to work building hospitals, schools, parks, and airports. |
| AAA | Agricultural Adjustment Act, asked farmers to reduce production and destroy surpluses. |
| Capitalism/Capitalist | An economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state. |
| Public Works Project | Government funded projects to build parks, libraries and highways. |
| National Recovery Administration | Government agency that was part of the New Deal and dealt with the industrial sector of the economy. It allowed industries to create fair competition which were intended to reduce destructive competition and to help workers by setting minimum wages and maximum weekly hours. |
| Bank Run | When many depositors attempted to withdraw their funds at the same time. |
| Buying on Margin | Borrowing money to buy stocks. |
| Emergency Banking Relief Act | Passed to allow treasury department to inspect banks. Only those that were sound were allowed to reopen. |
| Emergency Banking Act | Gave federal government power to reorganize and strengthen banks. Allowed FDR to instruct a Bank Holiday. |
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