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S.S. Midterm
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Imperialism | A policy where a powerful nation expands its powers to weaker nations. |
| Big Stick Policy | Negotiate peacefully but also having strength in case things go wrong |
| Appeasement | The action of giving in |
| Rosie the Riveter | She symbolized all of the women who took the jobs of men during WW2 |
| D-Day Invasion | A massive invasion where U.S. troops stormed the beaches in Normandy, France |
| The Nuremberg Trails | A series of military tribunals held by the Allied powers to prosecute high-ranking Nazi official |
| Cold War | A brutal war against the U.S. and the Soviet Union |
| Churchill’s Iron Curtain Speech | It warned of a growing Soviet threat and a divided Europe |
| Capitalism | It is an economic system where private individuals or corporations own the means of production |
| Communism | It’s a political and economic ideology aiming for a classless society where property and goods are owned in common, not privately, with wealth distributed based on need, not wealth |
| Containment | Keeping something contained without allowing it to be free |
| 17th parallel | It was a temporary military demarcation line established by the 1954 Geneva Accords, dividing communist North Vietnam from anti-communist South Vietnam |
| 38th parallel | The division between North and South Korea |
| Gulf of Tonkin Resolution | It was a 1964 U.S. Congressional act giving President Lyndon B. Johnson broad authority to use military force in Southeast Asia without a formal declaration of war, marking the start of major American military expansion |
| Tet Offensive | It was a massive, coordinated surprise attack by North Vietnamese and Viet Cong forces on January 30, 1968 that targeted cities and military bases across South Vietnam |
| Cuban Missile Crisis | It was a 13-day standoff in October 1962 between the U.S. and the Soviet Union, bringing the world to the brink of nuclear war after the U.S. discovered Soviet nuclear missile sites being built in Cuba, just 90 miles from Florida |
| Guantanamo Bay | It was known as a detention camp to hold suspected terrorists |
| Escalation | An increase in the intensity or seriousness of something bad such as conflict or tension |
| German Luftwaffe | What Nazi-Germany called their air force |
| Credibility Gap | It described the growing public distrust of the U.S. government |
| Invasion of Inchon | It was an assault by UN forces, led by General Douglas MacArthur, on September 15, 1950, during the Korean War |
| Hiroshima | The U.S. dropped an atomic bomb over the city |
| Pearl Harbor | Japan launched a surprise air attack on the US naval base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii |
| Internment Camps for Japanese-Americans | They were facilities that relocated and imprisoned around 120,000 people of Japanese descent, mostly American citizens, from the West Coast during WWII after the Pearl Harbor attack |
| My Lai Massacre | It was a war crime committed by U.S. Army soldiers on March 16, 1968, during the Vietnam War in which members of Charlie Company and Bravo Company murdered between 347 and 504 unarmed civilians in the village of Sơn Mỹ, South Vietnam |
| “The soft underbelly of the Axis” | It referred to the perceived military and political vulnerability of Italy compared to the heavily fortified "Fortress Europe" of Nazi-occupied France |
| HUAC | HUAC was a U.S. House committee that investigated suspected communist activity from the 1930s to the 1950s, most famously targeting Hollywood, and is remembered for controversial tactics that violated civil liberties. |
| Operation Enduring Freedom | It was the U.S.-led military campaign launched in 2001 after the September 11 attacks, aimed at destroying al-Qaeda and removing the Taliban from power in Afghanistan |
| Blitzkrieg | It was a fast, aggressive German military strategy in World War II that used rapid troop movements, tanks, and air power to quickly overwhelm enemies |
| Trench Warfare | It was a World War I combat style where opposing armies fought from long defensive trenches, leading to stalemates and heavy casualties |
| Who did Germany invade to start WW2? | Poland |
| Who was Joe McCarthy, and what is he known for? | He was a U.S. senator known for leading aggressive anti-communist investigations in the early 1950s, accusing many people of being communists with little evidence during the era called McCarthyism |
| Who was Ho Chi Minh? | He was a Vietnamese revolutionary leader who founded the Viet Minh and led the fight for Vietnam’s independence, becoming the communist leader of North Vietnam during the Vietnam War era |
| What happened on the Kent State Campus? | Ohio National Guard troops shot and killed 4 students during an anti–Vietnam War protest at Kent State University, sparking nationwide outrage and protests |
| Who led Al-Qaeda from 1989-2011? | Osama bin Laden |
| How many American Soldiers did Churchill think we would lose by invading Japan? | 1 million |
| What Industry did the anti-communist “witch-hunts” focus on? | Hollywood film industry |
| Why did the U.S. enter WW1? | Because of Germany’s unrestricted submarine warfare (sinking American ships) and the Zimmermann Telegram, in which Germany encouraged Mexico to attack the U.S. |
| Why did President Truman decide to use the Atomic Bomb? | To quickly end WW2 |
| What did the U.S. do to get the Soviet Union to end the Berlin Blockade? | They flew in food, fuel, and supplies to West Berlin until the Soviet Union lifted the blockade |
| When did the symbolic end of the Cold War, represented by the fall of the Berlin Wall and the reunification of Germany occur? | The symbolic end of the Cold War occurred in 1989–1990, with the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and Germany’s reunification in 1990 |
| What targets were attacked on 9/11? | The World Trade Center, the Pentagon, Shanksville PA |
| Who were the Rosenberg and what happened to them? | They were American citizens accused of spying for the Soviet Union by passing nuclear secrets. They were convicted of espionage and executed in 1953 |
| Who was the U.S. general put in charge of U.N. troops in Korea? | General Douglas MacArthur |
| What was the Sedition Act? | It made it a crime to speak, write, or act against the U.S. government or the war effort during WW1 |
| What is the Truman Doctrine? | It was President Truman’s policy to support countries resisting communism, marking the start of U.S. Cold War containment efforts |
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