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US History - Unit 8
America Reaching Out (US Foreign Policy)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Diplomacy | Talking things out, making agreements |
| Yellow Journalism | Cause of Spanish-Am war, exaggerated, emotional headlines |
| Roosevelt Corollary | - Roosevelts correction to the Monroe Doctrine - We will use force in the Western Hemisphere when "wrong-doings" occur |
| Social Darwinism | - Survival of the Fittest - Cause of imperialism (every country wants to have the most land/control) |
| Spanish-American War | - Fight for independence in Cuba - Spain looses territories - U.S. gains colonies and power |
| Sphere of Influence | Area of a country that is controlled economically (but not formally) by a foreign nation |
| Open Door Policy | Opens closed ports of Japan to make trading easier with China |
| Dollar Diplomacy | Taft; Americans would increase trade and investment in Latin America to create stability |
| Imperialism | A larger country taking over a weaker country by means of diplomacy or military force. |
| Big Stick Diplomacy | Roosevelt; negotiating peacefully with other nations while simultaneously displaying military might. |
| Moral Diplomacy | Wilson; the system in which support is given only to countries whose moral beliefs are similar to that of the US. |
| Panama Canal | Purpose was to cut travel time between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans |
| Manifest Destiny | The 19th-century doctrine or belief that the expansion of the US throughout the American continents was both justified and inevitable. (Our destiny to expand from coast to coast). |
| George Dewey | U.S. navy commander that defeated the Spanish fleet in the Philippines |
| Platt Amendment | Allowed the United States to intervene in Cuba and gave the United States control of the naval base at Guantanamo Bay. |
| Philippines, Guam and Puerto Rico | Territory gained by the U.S. as a result of the Spanish-American War. |
| Delome Letter | - Considered a cause of the Spanish-American War - Letter from the Spanish ambassador criticizing President McKinley which was published in the Hearst newspaper. (1898) |
| William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer | Publishers that used Yellow Journalism to sell more papers |
| The U.S.S. Maine | This was a ship sent to Havana Harbor, Cuba; it was sent to protect Americans in Cuba; the Maine explodes; the United States declares war on Spain as a result |
| Annexed | To join another country to you (Hawaii) |
| Neutrality | A position of not taking sides in a conflict |
| White Man's Burden | - A poem that stated that European countries had a duty to spread their religion and culture to those less civilized - By Rudyard Kipling - Preaches that it is the duty of the white man to civilize the native |
| Militarism | A policy of glorifying military power and keeping a standing army always prepared for war |
| Alliances | A union or association formed for mutual benefit, especially between countries or organizations. |
| Nationalism | A sense of unity binding the people of a state together; devotion to the interests of a particular country or nation, an identification with the state and an acceptance of national goals. |
| Archduke Franz Ferdinand | Heir to the Austria-Hungarian throne, was assassinated in Sarajevo, started World War I. |
| Trench Warfare | Warfare in which the opposing forces attack and counterattack from relatively permanent system of trenches protected by barb wire |
| Propaganda | A negative term for writing designed to sway opinion rather than present information. |
| Lusitania | British passenger ship holding Americans that sunk off the coast of Ireland in 1915 by German U-Boats killing 1,198 people. It was decisive in turning public favor against Germany and bringing America into WWI |
| Espionage and Sedition Acts | Two laws, enacted in 1917 and 1918, that imposed harsh penalties on anyone interfering with or speaking against U.S. participation in WWI |
| Schenk v. US | Speech that creates a "clear and present danger"---especially during war times—can be limited. Free speech is not "absolute." U.S. Supreme Court Case |
| War Industries Board | Agency established during WWI to increase efficiency & discourage waste in war-related industries., Headed by Bernard Baruch, could order businesses to support war by building more plants, etc. |
| Selective Service Act | This 1917 law provided for the registration of all American men between the ages of 21 and 30 for a military draft. By the end of WWI, 24.2 had registered; 2.8 had been inducted into the army. Age limit was later changed to 18 to 45. |
| Reparations | As part of the Treaty of Versailles, Germany was ordered to pay fines to the Allies to repay the costs of the war. Opposed by the U.S., it quickly lead to a severe depression in Germany. |
| War Guilt Clause | Declared Germany was solely responsible for the war and had to pay reparations equal to a civilian's damage caused by the fighting |
| Zimmerman Note | 1917 - Germany sent this to Mexico instructing an ambassador to convince Mexico to go to war with the U.S. It was intercepted and caused the U.S. to mobilized against Germany, which had proven it was hostile |
| Fourteen Points | A peace program presented to the U.S. Congress by President Woodrow Wilson in January 1918. It called for the evacuation of German-occupied lands, the drawing of borders and the settling of territorial disputes by the self-determination of the affected populations, and the founding of an association of nations to preserve the peace and guarantee their territorial integrity. It was rejected by Germany, but it made Wilson the moral leader of the Allies in the last year of World War I. |
| League of Nations | A world organization established in 1920 to promote international cooperation and peace. It was first proposed in 1918 by President Woodrow Wilson, although the United States never joined the League. Essentially powerless, it was officially dissolved in 1946. |
| Paris Peace Conference | Also known as Versailles Peace Conference, was the meeting of the Allied victors, following the end of World War I to set the peace terms for the defeated Central Powers following the armistices of 1918. |
| Treaty of Versailles | (WW) 1918, , Created by the leaders victorious allies Nations: France, Britain, US, and signed by Germany to help stop WWI. The treaty 1)stripped Germany of all Army, Navy, Air force. 2) Germany had to repair war damages(33 billion) 3) Germany had to acknowledge guilt for causing WWI 4) Germany could not manufacture any weapons. |
| Henry Cabot Lodge | Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he was a leader in the fight against participation in the League of Nations |
| Great Migration | Movement of over 300,000 African Americans from the rural south into Northern cities between 1914 and 1920 |
| Unrestricted Submarine Warfare | The use of submarines to sink without warning any ship (including neutral ships and unarmed passenger liners) found in an enemy's waters |
| Sussex Pledge | A promise Germany made to America, after Wilson threatened to sever ties, to stop sinking their ships without warning. |
| Committee on Public Information | Organization also known as the Creel Commision which was responsible for rallying American's around the war effort through propaganda |
| Victory Gardens | Private vegetable gardens grown by citizens so more food could be sent to troops |
| Food Administration | This government agency was headed by Herbert Hoover and was established to increase the production of food and ration food for the military. |
| Fuel Administration | Like the Food Administration, the Fuel Administration encouraged Americans to save fuel with "heatless Mondays" and "gasless Sundays." The actions helped create a sum of $21 billion to pay for the war. |
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Mrs.Cole_CRCS
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