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US History - Unit 7
Progressive Era (America Responds to Industrialization)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Progressive Movement | An early 20th century reform movement seeking to return control of the government to the people, to restore economic opportunities, and to correct injustices in American life |
| Settlement House Movement | Built as a place where immigrants came to live. Instruction was given in English and how to get a job. Hull House was the first settlement house founded by Jane Addams in Chicago in 1889. |
| 16th Amendment | Established a federal income tax. |
| 17th Amendment | 1913, provides for the direct election of US senators by the people rather than by state legislatures. |
| 18th Amendment | Prohibition; ban on the production, importation, transportation and sale of alcoholic beverages |
| 19th Amenment | Women gain the right to vote |
| Prohibition | - The banning of the manufacture, sale, and possession of alcoholic beverages. - The 18th amendment made prohibition the law. The 21st amendment ended prohibition. |
| Populists | A movement that demanded that people have a greater voice in government and sought to advance the interests of farmers and laborers |
| Populist party platform (1892) | - Unlimited coinage of silver to raise farm prices - Single term limit for presidents - Direct elections of senators - Secret ballots - Shorter work days |
| William Jennings Bryan | Democratic nominee for president in 1896 and 1900, supported by Populists |
| Third party movements | - Examples: Populists, Bull Moose - Influence: major parties will usually adopted third party ideas if they draw significant support (ex: direct election of senators) |
| National American Women's Suffrage Association (NAWSA) | An organization founded in 1890 to gain voting rights for women. |
| Susan B. Anthony | Arrested for voting in 1872, women's rights leader |
| Muckrakers | Journalists who exposed the corrupt side of business and public life in the early 1900s. |
| Jacob Riis | Wrote "How the Other Half Lives" that told the public about the lives of the immigrants and those who lived in the tenement housing. |
| Upton Sinclair | Wrote "The Jungle", that portrays the dangerous and unhealthy conditions prevalent in the meat packing industry at that time. |
| Pure Food and Drug Act & Meat Inspection Act | - Halted the sale of contaminated food and drugs and to ensure truth in labeling. - Established strict cleanliness requirements for meat-packers and created a federal meat-inspection program. |
| Ida Tarbell | Muckraker that wrote "History of the Standard Oil Company" to show how Rockefeller's power was based on unfair business practices |
| Robert La Follette | Wisconsin's progressive governor that "cleaned up" state government from corruption and big business |
| Recall | A procedure for removing a public official from office by a vote of the people. |
| Direct primary | Voters, rather than politicians, would choose candidates for public office |
| Referendum | A procedure by which a proposed law can be approved or denied by vote of the people. |
| Initiative | A procedure by which a law can be originated by the people rather than by legislatures |
| Pendleton Act | Created a Civil Service Commission that gave exams and selected government employees based on merit |
| Theodore Roosevelt | - Trust-buster - 26th President, from 1901-1909, passed the FDA AND Meat Inspection Act. He took over in 1901 when McKinley was shot. - Went after trusts, formed the "Bull Moose Party", wanted to build the Panama canal, and make our Navy ( military stronger ) |
| "Trustbuster" | Teddy Roosevelt's nickname for breaking up many monopolies and trusts. |
| "Square Deal" | Teddy Roosevelt's progressive plan; involved trust-busting and conservation projects. |
| William Howard Taft | Elected President in 1908; supported safety standards for mines and railroads; supported 16th amendment; disappointed progressives in the areas of tariffs and conservation. |
| Woodrow Wilson | - Served as the 28th President of the United States from 1913 to 1921 - Signed Federal Reserve Act |
| "New Freedom" | Wilson's progressive plan; involved financial reform, increased government regulation of business. |
| Interstate Commerce Commission (1886) | A federal regulatory agency that governed over the rules and regulations of the railroad industry. |
| Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890) | A law that was intended to prevent the creation of monopolies by making it illegal to establish trusts that interfered with free trade. |
| Clayton Anti-Trust Act | 1914, a law that made certain monopolistic business practices illegal and protected the rights of labor unions and farm organizations. |
| Federal Reserve Act | Established the modern banking system to regulate the money supply, set interest rates, etc. | make money supply more flexible |
| Federal Trade Commission | A federal agency established in 1914 to investigate and stop unfair business practices. Created to enforce the Clayton Act. |
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Mrs.Cole_CRCS
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