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AP Hug chapter Eight
Terms and questions. Based on James M. Rubinstein 13th ed. Text Book
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| State | area organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government that has control over its internal and external affairs. It occupies a defined territory on earth's surface and claims a permanent population |
| Sovereignty | independent from control of its internal affairs by other states |
| Microstates | states with small land areas |
| political conflicts can disputes over land can often cause _______ to be difficult to determine, making the statehood of some areas unidentifiable. | Sovereignty |
| city state | sovereign state that comprises a town and surrounding countryside |
| colony | territory that is legally tied to a sovereign state rather than being completely independent |
| colonialism | effort by one country to establish settlements in a territory to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles on that territory. MAKES NEW SOCIETY ON LAND |
| imperialism | control of territory already occupied and organized by an indigenous society. REUSES PRE-EXESITING SOCIETY |
| Territoriality | a willingness by one person or a group of people to defend a space they claim |
| Irredentism | the idea that territory outside a given state should be made part of the state due to a large amount of people living there of the same ethnicity as live in the state in question or due to the state having historically been in possession of the territory |
| Stateless nation | when an ethnicity has no state of their own but is clustered in a specific region (think of the kurds) |
| NATO | North Atlantic Treaty Organization; military alliance between 32 states. |
| WARSAW pact | military alliance between communist eastern european states. |
| Supernationalism | venture involving three or more states for political (UN), economic (EU), military (NATO), or cultural (AU) objectives |
| BENELUX | first ever multinational union; no tariffs, quotas, licenses, joined EEC later |
| ASEAN | Goals are to accelerate economic growth, social progress and cultural development, and to Promote regional peace and stability through respect for justice and the rule of law |
| MERCOSUR | economic supranational effort. |
| Compact | Distance from the center to any boundary does not vary significantly |
| Prorupted | has a piece sticking out, like a peninsula but it doesn't need water |
| Elongated | long, narrow shape |
| Fragmented | several discontinuous pieces of territory |
| Perforated | a state that completely surrounds another state |
| Physical boundary (geomorphic boundary) | coincide with significant features of the natural landscape. |
| Cultural boundary | follow the distribution of cultural characteristics |
| Relict boundary | former boundaries which may no longer have much or any legal standing, but are still visible in the landscape (not a physical feature like a mountain. Think berlin wall) |
| Consequent boundary | a boundary between opposing cultural, ethnic, or political groups, that was established to settle disputes,end wars, and establish a clear separation between groups |
| Antecedent boundary | a preexisting boundary, commonly corresponds to a physical feature. (rivers, bays, lakes, mountains) |
| Subsequent boundary | set after settlements of different groups meet. Often corresponds to their respective ecumene. (often organically shaped) |
| superimposed boundary | boundary is imposed by outside force (like a treaty) may not reflect current cultural landscape (like the splitting of germany) |
| Buffer state | independent state used by a major powers to reduce mutual conflict |
| Satellite state | dominated by a major power but are technically independent (has their own governments and is generally sovereign, but follows the orders or example of more powerful states. Think smaller communist states following the USSR) |
| frontiers | zones where no state has complete political control. |
| Territorial waters | coast to 12 nautical miles, state sets laws for who can be in these waters |
| Contiguous zone | 12-24 nautical miles. States laws concerning pollution, taxation, customs, and immigration |
| Exclusive economic zone | 24-600 nautical miles. State has the sole right to the fish and other marine life (the resources) |
| International waters | aka the High Seas, over 600 nautical miles, no state controls these waters. (ships are flagged under a country, and that countries laws apply) |
| Gerrymandering | the deliberate manipulation of political district boundaries to achieve a particular electoral outcome |
| Gerrymandering cracking | like-minded voters are spread across several districts to prevent them from reaching a majority in any of them, thus wasting their votes. |
| Gerrymandering packing | like-minded voters are stacked in one district to prevent them from affecting elections in other districts |
Created by:
chambsar000
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