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US History - Unit 5
Reconstruction
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Reconstruction | The time period following the Civil War when the nation was rebuilding and the former Confederate States rejoined the Union. |
| Andrew Johnson | The 17th president of the United States. Lincoln's Vice President at the time of the assassination. |
| Pardon | A power of the president to forgive or excuse an offense. This was used in Reconstruction to those states that left the union (secede). |
| Black Codes | A set of laws passed in the Southern states in order to limit African Americans' freedom and to direct African Americans back to working on the plantations. |
| Poll Tax | A tax that required a toll be paid to register to vote and/or to vote in the Southern states as a means of preventing African Americans from voting. Also excluded poor whites from voting. |
| Literacy Test | A test given that must be passed in order to vote in the Southern states as a means of preventing African Americans from voting. Also excluded illiterate whites from voting. |
| Grandfather Clause | A clause that required a person's ancestors to vote in order to allow the current person voting rights. This was used in the Southern states to prevent African Americans from voting. |
| Ku Klux Klan | A secret society in the southern U.S. that focuses on white supremacy and terrorizes other groups. |
| Carpetbaggers | The label given to Northerners that migrated to the South after the Civil War to buy land, lease plantations, or partner with poor farmers to exploit the position of the South following the war. |
| Freedmen's Bureau | A government agency that helped emancipated slaves by providing food, supplies, and made confiscated land available to the former slaves. |
| Sharecropping | This was an economic system in which a freedman would be allowed to live and farm on the land of a plantation owner, but would have to pay for supplies and give a share of his crops to the owner. In the end, they always owed more money than they made. |
| Tennant Farming | A freedman would pay rent to use a piece of land for farming but was able to keep the profit from the crops. This resulted in owing more in rent than they could make from the land. |
| Jim Crow Laws | A set of laws created in the south to segregate (separate) the white and African American population claiming to create "separate but equal" public facilities (schools, hotels, etc.). |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | A Supreme Court case, under Chief Justice Taney, regarding Homer Plessy's decision to remain in a white railway car when asked to move to the Jim Crow car because he was 1/8 black. The Supreme Court ruled that Jim Crow was legal as long as separate and equal facilities were provided. This decision would legalize segregation. |
| The New South/Solid South | An idea proposed by Henry Grady that called for the South to industrialize in order to keep up with the economy of the North, suggesting that the agriculture economy would not sustain the South. |
| Tenure of Office Act | An act put into place by Congress to restrict the powers of President Johnson, by stating the president may not remove any person from a position that was approved by the Senate. Johnson tests this restriction and an impeachment trial was held, but the Senate failed to succeed in impeaching Johnson. |
| Ulysses S. Grant | The 18th president of the United States during the Reconstruction period. |
| Panic of 1873 | A financial crisis that led to economic depression in the U.S. and Europe. Took attention away from protecting civil rights of African Americans under President Grant's watch. |
| Military Districts | 5 of these were created in the South to govern and enforce Reconstruction. |
| 13th Amendment | Abolishes (gets rid of) slavery |
| 14th Amendment | Any person born in the U.S. or on U.S. soil is a U.S. citizen which grants them equal protection under the laws of the nation. |
| 15th Amendment | Allows all men who are citizens the right to vote. |
| Rutherford B. Hayes | The 19th President of the United States, his presidency saw the Reconstruction Era. |
| Compromise of 1877 | Deal that settled the 1876 presidential election contest between Rutherford Hayes (Rep) & Samuel Tilden (Dem.); Hayes was awarded presidency in exchange for the permanent removal of fed. troops from the South which would end Reconstruction. |
| Booker T. Washington | A leader in the African American community that firmly believed in education and acceptance of segregation as a means of combating the Black Codes of the South. Founder of the Tuskegee Institute. |
| W.E.B. DuBois | A leader in the African American community that believed in education for former slaves. DuBois also fought to demand Civil Rights, believing that was the only route to achieving equality. The founder of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). |
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Mrs.Cole_CRCS
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