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us history unit 5
us history unit 5 short answer
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why did the US increase the size of the Navy? How did this change the US political position? | The U.S. expanded its Navy to protect global trade routes and counter rising powers like China. This strengthened its political position by reinforcing alliances, deterring rivals, and maintaining America’s role as a leading global power. |
| Why did the US change its position on imperialism after the Civil War? | After the Civil War, the U.S. embraced imperialism to fuel its growing economy, secure overseas markets and resources, and compete with European powers—shifting from a continental nation to an emerging global power. |
| What role did sugar play in the US annexation of Hawaii? | Sugar made Hawaii’s economy dependent on the U.S., and American sugar planters pushed for annexation to protect profits from U.S. tariffs. |
| What type of government did Hawaii have before annexation? | Hawaii had a monarchy under Queen Liliʻuokalani until 1893, then a provisional government, and finally the Republic of Hawaii before U.S. annexation in 1898. |
| What type of landform is Hawaii? | Hawaii is a volcanic island chain, formed by undersea volcanic activity. It is classified as an archipelago made up of volcanic islands created by a hotspot in the Earth’s mantle |
| ____________ and ________________ were Spain's only remaining colonies in North America | Cuba and Puerto Rico |
| Explain the following statement - President McKinley reluctantly fought the Spanish American War | President McKinley wanted to stay out of the war, but knew eventually he may have to get involved |
| What did Cuban revolutionaries do to American property in Cuba? What were they trying to get the US to do? | Cuban revolutionaries began to destroy American property. They were trying to get the US in the involvement. |
| What role did Yellow Journalism play in Spanish American War? | Yellow Journalism exaggerated Spanish atrocities and sensationalized the USS Maine explosion, stirring public anger and pressuring the U.S. into the Spanish-American War. |
| What happened to the USS Maine? How did the US respond? | The USS Maine exploded in Havana Harbor. The US saw this as an act of war and congress gave president McKinley $50 million dollars to fight Spain. |
| Why did the US Navy engage the military in the Philippines? | The U.S. Navy fought Spain in the Philippines during the Spanish-American War to defeat Spanish forces and secure a strategic Pacific foothold. |
| Why did the US Sectary of State John Hay call the Spanish American War - A splendid little war? | John Hay called the Spanish-American War “a splendid little war” because it was brief, had few U.S. casualties, and gave America significant new territories, boosting its global power. |
| What was the Treaty of Paris? | It was the 1898 agreement that ended the Spanish-American War. |
| How did the Treaty of Paris affect Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines? | Spain gave up control of Cuba, ceded Puerto Rico and Guam to the U.S., and sold the Philippines to the U.S. for $20 million. |
| What was the Foraker Act? | It was a 1900 law that established a civilian government in Puerto Rico under U.S. control. |
| How did the Spanish government treat the Cuban people during their colonization? | Spain ruled harshly, using violence and placing many Cubans in concentration camps. |
| When did the US declare independence for Cuba? | The U.S. declared Cuba independent in 1898 after the Spanish-American War. |
| What is the Platt Amendment? | It says that people have the right to intervene in you for the preservation of Cuban independence. |
| Why was Cuba forced to sign the Platt Amendment? | To give the U.S. control over Cuban affairs and ensure American influence after the Spanish-American War. |
| What did the US gain through the Platt Amendment? | The right to intervene in Cuba, control over Cuban treaties, and a naval base at Guantanamo Bay. |
| Why did Theodore Roosevelt believe a strong military presence would benefit the US? | He believed it would deter threats, protect American interests, and show U.S. strength globally. |
| What was the Roosevelt Corollary? How did it add to the Monroe Doctrine? | It stated the U.S. could intervene in Latin America to maintain stability, expanding the Monroe Doctrine’s role from preventing European interference to justifying U.S. involvement. |
| Teddy Roosevelt wanted the US to accept its role as a _________________________. | world power |
| What does it mean to walk softly and carry a big stick? Why did TR use this phrase to describe his foreign policy? | It means using diplomacy but backing it with military strength. Roosevelt used it to show the U.S. would negotiate peacefully but act forcefully if needed. |
| Why did the US believe it was important to build the Panama Canal? | To shorten travel between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and strengthen U.S. naval and trade power. |
| How did the open door notes change the US relationship with China? Did the US gain more or less influence in the country? | They increased U.S. influence by promoting equal trade access and opposing colonization. |
| List and explain 2 economic reasons the US wanted to be involved in China. | • Access to Chinese markets for American goods. • Investment opportunities in trade and infrastructure. |
| What was the Boxer Rebellion? What role did foreign influence play in this event? | It was a violent uprising in China (1899–1901) against foreign influence and control. Foreign powers had carved up China for trade, which angered Chinese nationalists. |
| Who was John Haye? | He was the U.S. Secretary of State who promoted the Open-Door Policy to protect American trade in China. |
| Which US official pushed for the purchase of Alaska? | William H. Seward, Secretary of State. |
| How much did the US pay for Alaska (overall and per acre)? | $7.2 million total, about 2 cents per acre. |
| What did people call Alaska? | “Seward’s Folly” or “Seward’s Icebox.” |
| The US acquired new territories during this time. List them below. | Puerto Rico, Guam, the Philippines, and Alaska. |
| The book states that the Open-Door Policy reflects 3 deeply held US beliefs, especially in relation to foreign policy. List them below. | • U.S. economic growth depends on exports. • The U.S. has the right to intervene abroad to protect markets. • Closing off trade threatens U.S. survival. |
| The assassination of ______________________ (person) from __________________ (country) was the event that historians point to as the start of WWI. | Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Austria-Hungary |
| Who was president during WWI? | Woodrow Wilson |
| Be able to list and identify the nations that belong to both the Allies and Central Powers. | Allies: Britain, France, Russia, Italy, U.S. Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria |
| The US claimed to be neutral at the beginning of the war, but the US took actions to support the allies. List and explain at least one of those actions below. | The U.S. sold weapons and supplies to Allied nations like Britain and France, helping their war effort while claiming neutrality. |
| Which US agency created and distributed propaganda? | The Committee on Public Information (CPI). |
| What was the purpose and goal of propaganda? | To build public support for the war and encourage enlistment, bond purchases, and unity. |
| List and explain at least 2 reasons the US supported Great Britain and the other allies during WWI. | • Cultural ties – Shared language and democratic values. • Economic interests – Strong trade relationships and loans to Allied nations. |
| a. The Zimmerman Note/Telegraph b. The Sinking of the Lusitania c. Unrestricted Submarine Warfare | Germany proposed a military alliance with Mexico against the U.S A British passenger ship sunk by Germany, killing Americans Germany attacked ships without warning, including US vessels |
| Describe the condition of the US military leading up to our entry into WWI. | Small, underprepared, and not ready for large-scale war. |
| How did WWI change the role of the federal government in relation to the economy? | The government took more control—regulating industries, managing resources, and directing production for the war effort. |
| What were the Espionage and Sedition Acts? | The Espionage Act (1917) made it illegal to interfere with the draft or help U.S. enemies, and the Sedition Act (1918) expanded it to punish speech criticizing the government, military, or war effort. |
| List the countries included in the big 4 at the Versailles Peace Conference. | United States, Britain, France, Italy. |
| Why did the US never ratify the Treaty of Versailles? | Many in Congress opposed the League of Nations, fearing it would drag the U.S. into future wars. |
| What was the League of Nations? | An international organization aimed at preventing future wars through diplomacy and cooperation. |
| Why did the US not join the League of Nations? | Senators worried it would limit U.S. independence in foreign affairs. |
| What were the 14 Points? | President Wilson’s plan for peace, promoting self-determination, free trade, and the League of Nations. |
Created by:
Sophie.Spies28
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