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Unit Three APUSH
Mrs. Grieve's Unit Three APUSH
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Antifederalists | political party that feared strong federal government; led by Jefferson |
| Federalists | political party that desired strong federal government and tariffs to protect US industry; led by Hamilton |
| Judiciary Act of 1789 | created the federal court system |
| assumption | transfer of debt from one party to another, in order to strengthen the union, the federal government assumed states’ Revolutionary War debts in 1790, thereby tying the interests of wealthy lenders with those of the national government |
| funding at par | payment of debts, such as government bonds, at face value; it was suggested to bolster the nation’s credit |
| tariff | tax on an imported good; meant to protect domestic industry |
| Broad Constructionists | believed in broad interpretations of the Constitution in order to expand federal power |
| Strict Constructionists | believed in narrow interpretations of the Constitution (following Constitution literally) in order to limit federal power |
| Proclamation of Neutrality (1793) | under George Washington this said the US would not take sides in the French Revolutionary Wars |
| Jay’s Treaty | treaty with Great Britain that said Brits would remove troops from Northwest Territories and wouldn’t interfere with US shipping |
| Pinckney Treaty | treaty with Spain that said Spain would recognize US neutrality, end Spanish claims to Mississippi territory, draw a border with Florida, give the US access to Mississippi River and New Orleans |
| Battle of Fallen Timbers | Ohio River Valley Indians give up claims to Ohio River Valley |
| Whiskey Rebellion | rebellion in western Pennsylvania caused by tax on whiskey; collapsed in face of federal power |
| XYZ Affair | foreign crisis under Adams in which French ministers tried to extort bribe from US officials who were trying to negotiate end to French seizures of US ships |
| Alien and Sedition Acts | under Adams, these laws said “dangerous” foreigners could be deported and that it was illegal to criticize the President |
| Kentucky Resolves and Virginia Resolves | laws that nullified the Alien and Sedition Acts in those states |
| Marbury v Madison | Supreme Court case during presidency of Jefferson that establishes the concept of judicial review |
| judicial review | the right of the supreme court to declare a law passed by Congress unconstitutional; the principle was established in Marbury v Madison, but was original sketched out in Hamilton’s essay #78 |
| John Marshall | first Chief Justice of Supreme Court whose rulings established judicial review |
| Barbary pirates | refers to North Africans who were interfering with American shipping in Mediterranean Sea during presidency of Jefferson |
| impressment | term that refers to British policy of seizing American ships and forcing US sailors to help British fight its enemies |
| Embargo Act (1807) | passed in response to British impressment of US sailors, it cut off all American trade with foreign nations; it proved disastrous for the US economy |
| patronage | practice of rewarding political support with special favors, often in the form of public office; upon assuming office, Jefferson dismissed few Federalists employees, leaving scant openings to fill with political appointees |
| “Mr. Madison’s War” | derogatory term used to describe the War of 1812 |
| Hartford Convention | meeting to discuss the grievances of the New England states during the War of 1812 |
| Treaty of Ghent | ended the War of 1812 with no major changes in US-British relations except that the Indians south of Canada were abandoned by the British |
| American System | Henry Clay’s three-pronged system to promote American industry; Clay advocated a strong banking system, a protective tariff, and a federally funded transportation network |
| Era of Good Feelings | popular name for the period of one-party, Republican, rule during James Monroe’s presidency. the term obscures bitter conflicts over internal improvements, slavery and the national bank |
| Missouri Compromise | allowed Missouri to enter as a slave state but preserved the balance between North and South by carving free-soil Maine out of Massachusetts and prohibiting slavery from territories acquired in the Louisiana Purchase |
| Monroe Doctrine | statement delivered by President James Monroe, warning European powers to refrain from seeking any new territories in the Americas |
Created by:
bjgrieve
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