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Social S. 6.5-6.8
Vocab Unit 7
| What was the Battle of Marathon? | Persians invaded the city of Marathon and the Greeks attacked them. The Greeks were outnumbered and didn’t have archers or soldiers on horseback like the Persians. They attacked the Persians by using the Greek phalanxes (the army formation where they move in one unit) to win the war. The victory ended the First Persian War. |
| Who was Darius? | The Persian king during the first Persian War who wanted to conquer Greece. |
| Who was Xerxes? | Son of Darius who also wanted to defeat the Greeks and started the second Persian War. |
| What is Thermopylae? | A small mountain pass where the Spartans stopped the Persians during the Second Persian War for days until a Greek traitor showed the Persians another way through the mountain and the Persians killed the Spartans. |
| Who was Themistocles? | The Athenian leader who convinced the people of Athens to flee before the Persians attacked Athens. Then he led and won the Battle of Salamis by keeping his ships hidden until the Persian ships filled a narrow strait and he attacked them all. |
| What is the Battle of Salamis? | When Themistocles lured the Persians into a narrow strait and attacked them all, defeating the Persians and King Xerxes. |
| What is a Trireme? | A Greek type of ship |
| Who are the Delian League? | The association of nations (city states) that allied together with Athens |
| What is a strait? | A narrow passage of water |
| What was the Peloponnesian League? | The association of nations (city states) who allied with Sparta. |
| What is Delos? | The island on which the Delian League met. |
| What is polytheism? | The worship of many gods or deities |
| What is mythology? | The collection of myths or stories that tell a people about their gods and heroes. |
| What is the Delphic Oracle? | Apollo’s priestess on the island of Delphi that could predict the future. |
| What are the Olympic Games? | Sports events that honored Zeus during which all war between the city states ceased. |
| What is the Parthenon? | A temple built to honor the goddess Athena. |
| What is lyric poetry? | Poetic songs sang while playing a lyre (a musical instrument). |
| Who is Sophocles? | A Greek dramatist who write Antigone, a Greek tragedy (plays). |
| Who was Aristophanes? | Famous dramatist who wrote Greek comedies (plays) |
| What are Aesops Fables? | Stories that teaches a moral lesson written by Aesop. |
| Who is Aesop? | A Greek slave who was freed and traveled widely to learn and retell Greek fables. |
| What is “reason”? | The power to think clearly. Greeks used reason to develop logic - a system of reasoning - that involves a step by step method of thinking through problems. |
| What is the Socratic Method? | A method of teaching formed by Socrates for which the teacher asks a question and the student answers it. |
| Who were the Stoics? | A group of philosophers that believed divine reason governed the universe so people needed to live in harmony with nature. They tried to master their emotions with self-control. |
| Who was Plato? | Socrates’ student who founded a school of philosophy called the Academy. |
| What is a fable? | A story that teaches a moral lesson. |
| What is a chorus? | A part of a Greek play that commented on the actions of the characters in the play. |
| Who was Aristotle? | A Greek philosopher who wrote a book called Politics. |
| What is a hypothesis? | A logical guess to explain observations. |
| What is the Hippocratic oath? | An oath that medical students take that promises to use their knowledge only in ethical ways. |
| Who was King Phillip II? | Macedonia’s king and Alexander the Great’s father who thought that a horse couldn’t be tamed until Alexander tamed it. |
| What is Macedonia? | A land in the north of the Greek peninsula that was independent of Persia and Greece. |
| What is a sarissa? | An 18 foot long pike developed by the Macedonians for war. |
| What is Thebes? | A city state that King Philip and his armies conquered and Alexander the Great later burnt to the ground. |
| What are Hellenes? | It is the Greek word for themselves. It means Greek-like. |
| What is the Great Library? | Founded by Ptolemies whose goal it was to acquire every book in the world. |
| Who was Archimedes? | An inventor and mathematician who developed Archimedes screw for water irrigation. |
| What is Greco Roman? | The cultural, artistic and historical synthesis of Ancient Greek and Roman civilizations. |
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AmyC4576
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