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MWH Chapter 11
The Age of Imperialism
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Social Darwinism | the application of the concepts of evolution and survival of the fittest to human societies, particularly as justification for imperialist expansion |
| racism | the belief that one race is superior to others |
| Boer war | a conflict, lasting from 1899 to 1902. in which Dutch settlers fought against the British for control of territory in South Africa |
| Boer | a Dutch colonist in South Africa |
| Berlin conference | a meeting (1884-1885) at which representatives of European nations agreed upon rules for the European colonization of Africa |
| Imperialism | a policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, socially, or economically |
| Shaka | founder of the Zulu kingdom (r. 1816-1828); he used good military organization and highly disciplined warriors to create a large state in southern Africa |
| Menelik | as emperor (r. 1889-1913) he maintained Ethiopia's independence by exploiting rivalries between European nations and by building a modern arsenal that helped his forces defeat an Italian army |
| assimilation | a policy in which a nation forces or encourages a subject people to adopt its institutions and customs |
| paternalism | a policy of treating subject people as if they were children, providing for their needs but not giving them rights |
| Crimean War | a conflict, lasting from 1853 to 1856, in which the Ottoman Empire, with the aid of Britain and France, halted Russian expansion in the region of the Black Sea |
| geopolitics | a foreign policy based on a consideration of the strategic locations or products of other lands |
| Suez Canal | a human-made waterway, which was opened in 1869, connecting the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea |
| Sepoy Mutiny | an 1857 rebellion of Hindu and Muslim soldiers against the British in India |
| "jewel in the crown" | the British colony of India, so called because of its importance in the British Empire, both as a raw materials and as a market for British trade goods |
| Raj | though the text defines this as "the British-controlled portions of India in the years 1757-1947," the term more accurately refers to "the period of direct rule by the British Crown (1858-1947) following the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857 |
| sepoy | an Indian soldier serving under British command |
| annexation | the adding of a region to the territory of an existing political unit |
| King Mongkut | King of Siam (r. 1851-1868) that worked to modernize his country and keep it independent and free of European colonial control |
| Pacific Rim | the lands surrounding the Pacific Ocean, especially those in Asia |
| Queen Lili'uokalani | the last monarch of Hawaii (r, 1891-1893); her overthrow was orchestrated by a group of American sugar planters |
| Emilio Aguinaldo | leader of the Filipino nationalists and first president of the Philippines (1899-1901); claimed the U.S. reneged on a promise to immediately recognize the independence of the Philippine Islands after the Spanish-American War |
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