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brain
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cerebrum | The largest part of the brain. It controls thinking, memory, emotions, speech, movement, and all conscious actions |
| Cerebellum | Located at the back of the brain. It helps with balance, coordination, and fine movements (like writing or sports). |
| brain stem | Connects the brain to the spinal cord. It controls automatic functions that keep you alive, like breathing and heartbeat. |
| pons | Part of the brain stem. It helps with breathing, sleep, facial expressions, and sending signals between different brain areas. |
| medulla oblongata | Also in the brain stem. It manages vital functions like breathing, heart rate, swallowing, and blood pressure. |
| parietal lobe | Processes touch, temperature, pain, and helps with understanding where your body is in space. |
| occipital lobe | The vision center of the brain. It interprets what your eyes see. |
| frontal lobe | Responsible for decision-making, planning, personality, problem-solving, and voluntary movement. |
| temporal lobe | Handles hearing, language understanding, and memory. |
| motor cortex | Controls voluntary muscle movements (like lifting your hand or walking). |
| sensory cortex | Processes touch and other bodily sensations. |
| corpus callosum | A thick band of nerve fibers that connects the left and right brain hemispheres, letting them communicate. |
| pituitary gland | A hormone-producing gland often called the “master gland.” It helps control growth, metabolism, and puberty-related hormones. |
| thalamus | The brain’s “relay station.” It sends sensory signals (except smell) to the correct areas of the brain. |
| hypothalamus | Helps regulate body temperature, hunger, thirst, sleep, and hormones. Works closely with the pituitary gland. |
| hippocampus | Essential for forming long-term memories and helping with learning. |