— A widespread 1894 railroad workers’ strike against the Pullman Palace Car Company in response to wage cuts and high living costs in company-owned housing; it disrupted rail traffic and led to federal intervention.

— A large 19th-century labor organization that welcomed many types of workers and pushed for reforms like an eight-hour workday and equal pay; it worked to improve conditions through education and political action rather than only strikes.

American Federation of Labor (AFL).

— A national federation of labor unions founded to organize skilled workers by trade; it focused on practical goals like higher wages, shorter hours, and better working conditions through collective bargaining

— A person who believes that governments and authorities should be abolished and that people can organize society without centralized control; some anarchists in the late 1800s supported direct action to achieve change.

— An economic and political idea that argues for public or cooperative ownership of businesses and resources so that wealth and power are shared more evenly among people, rather than controlled by a few private owners.

— A major 1892 industrial conflict at the Homestead Steel Works in Pennsylvania where steelworkers fought the Carnegie Steel Company over pay cuts and union rights; the violent clash involved private guards and led to a defeat for the union

— An influential labor leader who founded and led the American Federation of Labor; he promoted skilled workers’ unions and focused on achievable workplace improvements through negotiation and strikes when necessary.

— A labor organizer and five-time presidential candidate who helped lead major strikes (including the Pullman Strike) and later became a prominent socialist, advocating for workers’ rights and public ownership of key industries.

Collective bargaining

— The process where workers, usually through their union, negotiate with employers as a group over wages, hours, and working conditions to reach a written agreement that applies to all employees.

— An 1886 rally in Chicago that began as a protest for an eight-hour workday and turned violent after a bomb exploded; it led to a backlash against labor activists and heightened fear of radical movements.

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Labor Movement

Term	Definition
.Pullman Strike	— A widespread 1894 railroad workers’ strike against the Pullman Palace Car Company in response to wage cuts and high living costs in company-owned housing; it disrupted rail traffic and led to federal intervention.
Knights of Labor	— A large 19th-century labor organization that welcomed many types of workers and pushed for reforms like an eight-hour workday and equal pay; it worked to improve conditions through education and political action rather than only strikes.
American Federation of Labor (AFL).	— A national federation of labor unions founded to organize skilled workers by trade; it focused on practical goals like higher wages, shorter hours, and better working conditions through collective bargaining
Anarchist	— A person who believes that governments and authorities should be abolished and that people can organize society without centralized control; some anarchists in the late 1800s supported direct action to achieve change.
Socialism	— An economic and political idea that argues for public or cooperative ownership of businesses and resources so that wealth and power are shared more evenly among people, rather than controlled by a few private owners.
Homestead Strike	— A major 1892 industrial conflict at the Homestead Steel Works in Pennsylvania where steelworkers fought the Carnegie Steel Company over pay cuts and union rights; the violent clash involved private guards and led to a defeat for the union
Samuel Gompers	— An influential labor leader who founded and led the American Federation of Labor; he promoted skilled workers’ unions and focused on achievable workplace improvements through negotiation and strikes when necessary.
Eugene V. Debs	— A labor organizer and five-time presidential candidate who helped lead major strikes (including the Pullman Strike) and later became a prominent socialist, advocating for workers’ rights and public ownership of key industries.
Collective bargaining	— The process where workers, usually through their union, negotiate with employers as a group over wages, hours, and working conditions to reach a written agreement that applies to all employees.
Haymarket Affair	— An 1886 rally in Chicago that began as a protest for an eight-hour workday and turned violent after a bomb exploded; it led to a backlash against labor activists and heightened fear of radical movements.

Created by: user-1987859

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