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Italian WW1 impact
political, economic, social, military
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| how many men served | 5 million, mainly conscripts |
| flaws of conscription | conscripts = poorly trained peasants with low morale |
| how many italian soldiers killed in WW1 | 650,000 |
| how many italian soldiers captured in WW1 | 600,000 |
| how many italian soldiers wounded in WW1 | 1 million |
| how many italian soldiers permanently disabled in WW1 | 450,000 |
| main battle of the alpine campaign | battle of Isonzo |
| negative impact of battle of Isonzo | Italian troops bogged down in war of attrition in Italian alps, half of Italian deaths |
| war of attrition | wearing down opponent by forcing them to over-exert resources |
| how many battles of Isonzo were there | 12 |
| duration of battles of Isonzo | June 1915-November 1917 |
| when did the battle of Caporetto happen | November 1917 |
| what happened at the battle of Caporetto | Italy cracked under surprise offensive from Austria-Hungary |
| negative results of battle of caporetto | italian troops retreated over 100 miles, 10,000 died, 300,000 wounded, 300,000 taken prisoner, 1500 guns lost, |
| who was in charge at the battle of caporetto | commander in chief Cardona |
| what happened to Cardona after the battle of caporetto | Cardona was replaced by Diaz |
| positive results of battle of caporetto | increase in national patriotism |
| what did Italy achieve in Autumn 1918 | victory at Vittorio Veneto |
| results of Vittorio Veneto | 500,000 foreign prisoners, 5000 guns captured, WW1 victory, dissolution of Austro-Hungarian empire |
| How did prime minister Salandra enter the war | using the king's executive power without consulting parliament |
| what was the chamber of deputies stance on entering the war | they were divided and remained so throughout war |
| what was the result of division RE war in chamber of deputies | weak wartime government |
| what did Giolitti believe about intervention | Italy should not intervene, a solution could be found through peaceful negotiations |
| what was the consequence of Giolitti's stance on war | he was politically isolated |
| how did wartime economics influence politics | increase in right and left-wing extremism |
| how did socialist party membership change between 1914 and 1919 | rose from 50,000 to 200,000 |
| what scared liberals about the 1919 November elections | socialists won 32 percent of national votes |
| what was another influence on the increase in socialism in the 1919 election | first election under Giolitti's universal male suffrage |
| what happened to Fiume in September 1919 | army veterans occupied it and ran a regime that inspired Italian fascism |
| what was the nationalist response to the occupation of Fiume in 1919 | support |
| what did "military discipline" mean for industrial workers | they could not move jobs or strike |
| how did inflation affect factory wages | 25 percent decrease in spend power |
| result of resentment over poverty in urban workforce | Turin Food Riots 1917, killed 50 civilians |
| biennio rosso | 2 years of severe social unrest in Italy 1919-20 |
| climax of the biennio rosso | workers occupies factories and ship yards August 1920 |
| first impacts of war in countryside | 5 million conscripts = rural peasants, women and children take over farm production |
| impact of inflation in countryside | peasants could pay loans with de-valued currency, peasants wanted to purchase land independently AKA Irredenta |
| what did the low impact of losing 5 million workers in the countryside indicate | rural overpopulation |
| how was trade union membership affected by social unrest | rose 250,000 in 1918 --> 2 million 1920 |
| why was there mass unemployment by the end of the war | servicemen were demobilized and left without jobs |
| total war | production of war supplies at any cost |
| 3 examples of war industries | ship building, engineering, chemicals |
| how did Fiat benefit from wartime economics | received cheap government loans to re-equip factories |
| how much did Fiat expand during WW1 | 5x |
| 2 expenses that caused the government budget to enter a deficit | industrial production and soldiers wages |
| how did government combat budget deficit | took loans from the UK and US, printed more paper money |
| how much did national debt increase between 1914 and 1919 | 16 billion lira --> 85 billion lira |
| what was the result of printing more money | inflation |
| how much did inflation cause prices to multiply during the war | 4x |
| what class were most negatively affected by inflation | middle class |
| how did the war positively impact the economy | growth of industry + increase in employment |
| how much did cost of living increase between 1913-1918 | 300 percent |
| why was there mass unemployment by the end of the war | servicemen were demobilized and left without jobs |
| total war | production of war supplies at any cost |
| 3 examples of war industries | ship building, engineering, chemicals |
| how did Fiat benefit from wartime economics | received cheap government loans to re-equip factories |
| how much did Fiat expand during WW1 | 5x |
| 2 expenses that caused the government budget to enter a deficit | industrial production and soldiers wages |
| how did government combat budget deficit | took loans from the UK and US, printed more paper money |
| how much did national debt increase between 1914 and 1919 | 16 billion lira --> 85 billion lira |
| what was the result of printing more money | inflation |
| how much did inflation cause prices to multiply during the war | 4x |
| what class were most negatively affected by inflation | middle class |
| how did the war positively impact the economy | growth of industry + increase in employment |
| what class benefitted from inflation | working class |
| how did the government garner working class support for war | propaganda + promise of land for soldiers after war |
Created by:
georgieN007
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