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Pre-Revolution
Unit 03 - Events Leading to the Revolutionary War
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why did the British Parliament send additional soldiers to Boston in the fall of 1768? | They were sent to enforce the Townshend Acts and end the violent protests and rioting. |
| How did the colonists in Boston view the arrival of additional British soldiers in 1768? | "They saw the soldiers as an occupying force and an outright invasion, not as a source of protection." |
| "The British leadership viewed the colonists as spoiled, rebellious children who were unappreciative of what Britain had provided, comparing new taxes to a parent disciplining a child." | What was the British leadership's perception of the American colonists? |
| How did the American colonists view their own status in relation to British citizens living in England? | They felt they were the same as British citizens and therefore should have representation in Parliament. |
| What term did some colonists begin using in 1768 to identify themselves as part of small groups discussing a potential break from England? | Patriots. |
| "Besides their mere presence, what behavior by British soldiers increased tension in Boston?" | "They drank to excess, got into drunken fights, and were publicly punished for desertion." |
| Why did British soldiers taking part-time jobs in Boston create tension with the colonists? | It placed them in direct job competition with Boston's laborers and dock workers. |
| What derogatory nickname did Boston citizens call the British soldiers? | Lobsterbacks. |
| "What event occurred on March 2, 1770, that started the chain of events leading to the Boston Massacre?" | A British soldier looking for a part-time job got into a fight with a ropewalker at John Gray's shop. |
| "Which two European powers competed for control of the Ohio River Valley, leading to the French and Indian War?" | Great Britain and France. |
| "According to the map of European claims in 1754, which Native American group's land claims are notably absent?" | The map does not show any land claims for Native American tribes. |
| Which Native American confederacy allied with the French during the French and Indian War? | The Wabanaki Confederacy allied with the French. |
| The Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) and the Cherokee allied with the _____ during the French and Indian War. | British. |
| Why were British citizens in England generally accepting of paying taxes in the 1760s? | Because they had representation in Parliament and could vote for their leaders. |
| Why did American colonists feel they should not have to pay taxes created by Parliament? | They had no elected representatives in Parliament to vote for or against the taxes on their behalf. |
| What was the primary reason Prime Minister George Grenville decided to raise taxes on the American colonists after the French and Indian War? | He needed a way to pay off the massive debt Britain had gained from the war. |
| "The _____ of 1765 required colonists to purchase a special stamp for every piece of paper they used, including newspapers, wills, and contracts." | Stamp Act. |
| What became the common cry among colonists uniting against British taxes? | """No Taxation Without Representation.""" |
| "What was the name of the secret society, founded in Boston, that took a direct and often violent approach to protesting new taxes?" | The Sons of Liberty. |
| How did Parliament respond to the colonial boycotts and appeals from English merchants whose trade was suffering? | "In 1766, Parliament repealed the Stamp Act." |
| What did the Quartering Act of 1765 require colonists to provide for English troops? | It required colonists to provide food and clothing for the soldiers stationed in colonial towns. |
| Why were the Townshend Acts passed in 1767? | They were passed to punish the colonists for their bad behavior in protesting the Stamp Act. |
| What types of basic goods were taxed under the Townshend Acts? | "Glass, paper, paint, lead, and tea." |
| What additional power did the Townshend Acts give to British officials? | "They allowed officials to search ships for smuggled goods for any reason, without needing clear evidence." |
| "In response to the Townshend Acts, colonial merchants signed _____ agreements, vowing not to import any British goods." | Non-Importation. |
| "When Parliament repealed most of the Townshend Acts, which one tax did they keep in place?" | The tax on tea. |
| Why was the tax on tea kept in place after the other Townshend Acts were repealed? | It was kept as a reminder of the colonists' place in the British Empire and Parliament's authority to tax them. |
| "In the account from the Boston Gazette (Source B), what did Captain Preston allegedly command his soldiers to do?" | He allegedly commanded them to fire on the crowd. |
| "According to eyewitness George Robert Twelves Hewes (Source D), what did Captain Preston do right before the soldiers fired?" | "He ordered the people to leave, warned he would fire, and then gave orders to make ready and fire." |
| "In his testimony (Source E), what did Captain Thomas Preston claim the mob was doing just before the shooting?" | "He claimed the mob was advancing on the soldiers, striking them with clubs, and daring them to fire." |
| "In his testimony, Captain Preston stated that he did not give the order to fire. Who did he suggest might have yelled the word ""fire""?" | "He suggested that some persons in the mob called out the word ""fire.""" |
| What measure did King George III enact after Pontiac's War to prevent colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains? | He issued the Proclamation Line of 1763. |
| "According to the chart showing Britain's National Debt, what was the direct financial consequence of the French and Indian War (fought 1754-1763)?" | The war caused a massive increase in the amount of debt owed by the British government. |
| Term: Contraband | Definition: Goods that have been imported or exported illegally. |
| "What non-violent form of protest did the ""Daughters of Liberty & Industry"" engage in, as described in Protest A?" | They held a public event to spin their own cotton wool and flax to create homemade materials instead of buying British goods. |
| "Protest C, the ""Boston Gazette's List of Importers,"" was a form of public shaming. What were these merchants being shamed for?" | They were being shamed for breaking the non-importation agreement by continuing to import British goods. |
| What form of protest against Stamp Master Andrew Oliver is described in the letter from Cyrus Baldwin (Protest D)? | An effigy of Andrew Oliver was hung from a tree for the whole town to see. |
| Why was the East India Tea Company facing bankruptcy in the early 1770s? | "The lack of sales, due to the colonial boycott, left the company with 15 million pounds of unsold tea in its warehouses." |
| What was Prime Minister Lord North's plan to save the East India Tea Company and provide colonists with cheaper tea? | "He allowed the company to sell tea directly to the colonists, bypassing colonial merchants." |
| Why did Lord North's plan for the tea backfire with the colonists? | The Sons of Liberty saw it as a trick to get them to accept Parliament's right to tax them by paying the three-pound tea tax. |
| "What did the colonists disguised as ""Indians"" do on the night of the Boston Tea Party, December 16, 1773?" | "They boarded three ships, smashed open every tea container with tomahawks, and dumped over 90,000 pounds of tea into Boston Harbor." |
| "What was the primary purpose of the four laws known as the ""Intolerable Acts""?" | They were designed to punish the Massachusetts colony for the Boston Tea Party. |
| The first Intolerable Act punished Boston by completely closing its port until what condition was met? | The Port of Boston was closed until all of the destroyed tea was paid for. |
| How did the second Intolerable Act punish the Massachusetts colony? | "It stripped the colony's elected assembly of most of its powers, giving control to the royal governor." |
| The third Intolerable Act prevented Massachusetts courts from trying British soldiers or officials accused of a crime; where would they be sent for trial instead? | They would be sent back to England for trial. |
| How did the Intolerable Acts unexpectedly unite the colonies? | "The other colonies worried that what happened to Boston could happen to them, creating a sense of a ""common cause"" for their liberties." |
| What was the name of the meeting where 56 delegates from 12 colonies met in Philadelphia to discuss a response to the Intolerable Acts? | The First Continental Congress. |
| What were the three main actions agreed upon by the First Continental Congress? | "They agreed to stop all trade with England, send a petition to the King, and have each colony prepare its militia." |
| Who made his military debut as a 21-year-old lieutenant-colonel for the Virginia militia in the first battle of the French and Indian War? | George Washington. |
| "Who was the British Secretary of State that took control of the war effort in 1757, pouring in funds and resources to defeat the French in North America?" | William Pitt. |
| The French and Indian War ended with the signing of the _____ in 1763. | Treaty of Paris. |
| "As a result of the Treaty of Paris in 1763, what territory did Great Britain gain control of?" | Britain gained control of Canada and all land east of the Mississippi River. |
| "According to the Boston Gazette (Source B), what did a townsman with a bat do after one of the soldiers fired his gun?" | "The townsman struck the soldier over the hands, causing him to drop his firelock (gun)." |
| "What was unusual about the location of some of the gunshots, according to Benjamin Frizell's account (Source C)?" | He stated that three of the five guns in the final volley appeared to have been fired from a balcony. |
| What was the main economic conflict between British soldiers and Boston colonists? | "The soldiers took on part-time jobs for extra money, placing them in direct competition with local laborers." |
| What was the name of the group formed by nine of the thirteen colonies to send a formal petition to King George III arguing that Parliament had no right to tax them? | The Stamp Act Congress. |
| "As described in Protest B, what did 126 young ladies in Boston agree to do in 1770?" | They signed an agreement to deny themselves the drinking of foreign tea as a form of protest. |
| What was the penalty for a colonist who was caught trying to steal some of the tea for himself during the Boston Tea Party? | "He was stripped, covered with mud, and forced to walk home naked in the freezing December night." |
| The First Continental Congress agreed to meet again the following May to assess the boycott's effectiveness and discuss further action. What was this second meeting called? | The Second Continental Congress. |
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J-Sllim-00
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