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Civil War
Unit 10 Study Guide - The Civil War
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who was the 16th U.S. President and the president of the Union during the Civil War? | Abraham Lincoln. |
| "What was the Union's three-part strategy, created by Lincoln and General Winfield Scott, to conquer the South?" | The Anaconda Plan. |
| What were the three main components of the Anaconda Plan? | "Blockade Southern ports, gain control of the Mississippi River to divide the Confederacy, and capture Richmond, VA." |
| "Which event, involving Confederate forces firing on a federal fort on April 12, 1861, marked the official start of the Civil War?" | The attack on Fort Sumter. |
| What term refers to the southern states that formally withdrew from the United States to form their own government? | The Confederacy. |
| Who served as the president of the Confederate States of America? | Jefferson Davis. |
| What was the capital of the Confederacy during the Civil War? | "Richmond, Virginia." |
| What were the slave states that did not secede from the Union called? | Border States. |
| Compare the population of the North and South at the start of the Civil War. | "The North had 22 million people, while the South had 9 million, of whom about 34% were enslaved." |
| How did the industrial capacity of the North compare to that of the South? | "The North had a major advantage, with 1.3 million factory workers and producing 32 times more guns than the South's 110,000 factory workers." |
| What percentage of the nation's railroad tracks was located in the North at the start of the war? | "The North had 70% of the nation's railroad tracks, which was crucial for moving troops and supplies." |
| What was the economic base of the North versus the South? | "The North had an industrial economy based on manufacturing, while the South had an agrarian economy based on agriculture, primarily cotton, and reliant on enslaved labor." |
| "What term describes the federal government's policy of officially categorizing fugitive slaves who fled to Union lines as 'contraband of war,' effectively freeing them?" | Contraband. |
| "What act, passed by Congress on July 17, 1862, freed slaves whose masters were serving in the Confederate Army?" | The Second Confiscation and Militia Act. |
| "What executive order, issued by Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863, declared all enslaved people within the rebellious states to be free?" | The Emancipation Proclamation. |
| The Emancipation Proclamation did not apply to enslaved people in which specific areas? | The border states that had remained loyal to the Union. |
| Approximately how many Black men served in the Union Army and Navy during the Civil War? | "Almost 200,000." |
| "What was the most famous African-American regiment, known for its assault on Fort Wagner, S.C.?" | The Massachusetts 54th. |
| How did the pay for Black soldiers initially compare to that of white soldiers in the Union Army? | "Black soldiers were paid less, earning $10 per month (with a $3 clothing deduction), while white soldiers earned $13 per month." |
| In what year did Congress finally grant equal pay to Black soldiers? | June 1864. |
| What was the name of the 1864 massacre where nearly 300 Black soldiers were killed by Confederate troops under Nathan B. Forrest after surrendering? | The Fort Pillow Massacre. |
| "Which famous abolitionist encouraged Black men to enlist in the Union army, believing it was a path to U.S. citizenship?" | Frederick Douglass. |
| "Besides her work on the Underground Railroad, what roles did Harriet Tubman serve for the Union during the Civil War?" | "She served as a spy, a scout, and led a raid that freed over 700 enslaved people." |
| "Who escaped slavery by commandeering a Confederate steamship, the 'Planter,' and delivering it to the Union fleet?" | Robert Smalls. |
| What was the significance of the First Battle of Bull Run (July 1861)? | It was a surprising Confederate victory that showed the Union the war would be much longer and more difficult than expected. |
| "What was the name of the Union's ironclad ship that battled the Confederate ironclad, the C.S.S. Virginia (formerly U.S.S. Merrimack)?" | The U.S.S. Monitor. |
| What was the outcome of the Battle of the Ironclads in March 1862? | "Although there was no clear winner, the battle permanently changed naval warfare." |
| What battle in September 1862 was the single bloodiest day in American history and stopped General Lee's first invasion of the North? | The Battle of Antietam. |
| Why did President Lincoln fire General George McClellan after the Battle of Antietam? | "Despite winning, McClellan was overly cautious and failed to pursue and destroy Lee's retreating army." |
| "Which battle, fought from July 1-3, 1863, is considered the turning point of the Civil War?" | The Battle of Gettysburg. |
| "What was the name of the failed Confederate charge on the third day of Gettysburg, which resulted in devastating losses?" | Pickett's Charge. |
| "What Union victory on July 4, 1863, gave the Union control of the Mississippi River and split the Confederacy in two?" | The Surrender of Vicksburg. |
| "What military tactic involves surrounding a city or fort to cut off its supplies and force surrender, as used by Grant at Vicksburg?" | A siege. |
| "The Union strategy of destroying an enemy's army, economy, and morale, exemplified by Sherman's March, is known as _____." | Total War. |
| "What was General William T. Sherman's destructive campaign from Atlanta to Savannah, Georgia, called?" | Sherman's March to the Sea. |
| "Where did Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrender to Union General Ulysses S. Grant on April 9, 1865, effectively ending the Civil War?" | "Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia." |
| "What technological innovation in small arms involved cutting a spiral groove inside a gun's barrel, making bullets more accurate up to 500 yards?" | The rifled barrel. |
| How did steam power improve naval technology during the Civil War? | "It allowed ships to maneuver more easily and move against the wind or current, independent of sails." |
| How did the telegraph revolutionize military command during the Civil War? | "It allowed for almost instantaneous transmission of information, enabling President Lincoln to communicate directly with his forces." |
| What were two major issues with using railroads for military transportation during the Civil War? | "Tracks were difficult to repair if sabotaged, and different track gauges made it hard to transfer cars between lines." |
| What was the National Enrollment and Conscription Act of 1863? | "It was the first federal military draft in U.S. history, making all able-bodied men between 20 and 45 eligible for service." |
| "What violent, five-day event in July 1863 was a protest against the federal draft law in New York City?" | The NYC Draft Riots. |
| "Why was the draft law seen as a 'rich man's war, poor man's fight'?" | Wealthy men could pay a $300 fee to hire a substitute and avoid military service. |
| What were the underlying racial and economic tensions that fueled the NYC Draft Riots? | Intense job competition and prejudice between poor Irish immigrants and African Americans. |
| "In his Gettysburg Address, what historical event is Lincoln referring to with the phrase 'Fourscore and seven years ago'?" | "The signing of the Declaration of Independence in 1776, which was 87 years prior to 1863." |
| What is the central theme of the first paragraph of the Gettysburg Address? | The nation was founded on the principles of liberty and the proposition that all men are created equal. |
| "According to the second paragraph of the Gettysburg Address, what is the immediate purpose of the gathering at the battlefield?" | To dedicate a portion of the field as a final resting place for the soldiers who died there. |
| "In the final paragraph of the Gettysburg Address, what does Lincoln say is the 'great task remaining before us' for the living?" | To dedicate themselves to the 'unfinished work' of winning the war and preserving the nation. |
| Lincoln concludes the Gettysburg Address by resolving that the nation shall have a 'new birth of _____'? | freedom. |
| What name was given to Northern Democrats who opposed the Civil War and advocated for a peace settlement with the South? | Copperheads. |
| The law that created the first federal draft in the Union was known as the _____. | Enrollment Act. |
| "Who appointed Dorothea Dix to be the head of the Union Army's nurses, establishing the first national female nursing corps?" | The Union government (she was appointed Superintendent of Army Nurses). |
| Who was the Confederate general accidentally killed by his own troops at the Battle of Chancellorsville? | """Stonewall"" Jackson." |
| What was the nickname given to Northerners by Southerners during the war? | Yankee. |
| What was the nickname given to Southerners by Northerners during the war? | Rebels. |
| "What term describes the surgical removal of a limb, a common procedure during the Civil War to prevent the spread of infection?" | Amputation. |
| Who assassinated President Lincoln at Ford's Theatre just days after the war ended? | John Wilkes Booth. |
| In what primary way did Northern agriculture differ from Southern agriculture by 1860? | "Northern agriculture was increasingly mechanized, while Southern agriculture remained labor-intensive and dependent on enslaved people." |
| How did Abraham Lincoln's view on emancipation evolve from the start of the war to 1863? | He initially opposed emancipation to preserve the Union but later saw it as a necessary tool to win the war. |
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