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US History - Unit 5
Civil War
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Fort Sumter | The location where the first shots of the Civil War were fired. |
| Election of 1860 | Lincoln, the Republican candidate, won because the Democratic party was split over slavery. As a result, the South no longer felt like it has a voice in politics and a number of states seceded from the Union. |
| Battle of Gettysburg | Turning point of the War that made it clear the North would win. 50,000 people died, and the South lost its chance to invade the North. |
| States rights | The argument on the right of states to limit the power of the federal government was a cause of the Civil War. |
| Emancipation Proclamation | Issued by Abraham Lincoln on September 22, 1862. This would declare that all slaves in the confederate states would be free and that the institution of slavery would be illegal. |
| Gettysburg Address | A 3-minute address by Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War (November 19, 1963) at the dedication of a national cemetery on the site of the Battle of Gettysburg |
| Advantages of the NORTH in the Civil War | a) Larger population b) Most of the factories to make supplies c) Most of the railroads located in the north d) Strong Navy e) More money f) They had an established government |
| Advantages of the SOUTH in the Civil War | a) Excellent military leaders b) Strong fighting spirit c) Knew the land that they were fighting on |
| Abraham Lincoln | (1809-1865) Sixteenth president of the United States, he promoted equal rights for African Americans in the famed Lincoln- Douglas debates. He issued the Emancipation Proclamation and set in motion the Civil War, but he was determined to preserve the Union. He was assassinated in 1865. |
| Jefferson Davis | President of the Confederate States of America |
| Republican Party | Political party that believed in the non-expansion of slavery. Consisted of Whigs, N. Democrats, & Free-Soilers against the Slave Powers. |
| Robert E. Lee | Appointed command of the Confederate Army in 1862 during the Civil War. Despite his skill he was forced to surrender to Ulysses S Grant at Appomattox Courthouse in 1865. |
| Ulysses S. Grant | Union General who forced the surrender of Vicksburg and became general in chief of all Union armies he forced lee to fight a series of decisive battles which led to the Confederate surrender |
| Sectionalism | To be loyal or support a particular section of the nation rather than the United States as a whole. A major cause of the Civil War. |
| Abolitionists | A person who favors ending the practice of slavery. |
| Manifest Destiny | The 19th-century doctrine or belief that the expansion of the US throughout the American continents was both justified and inevitable. |
| Mexican Cession | The land ceded (surrendered to) to the United States from Mexico in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848 which included the modern day area of the southwestern lands of the United States. |
| Missouri Compromise | Allowed the territory of Missouri to be admitted to the union as a slave state and Maine to be admitted as a free state. This compromise also created the imaginary 36 30' line where territories to the North would be free states and those to the South would be slave states. |
| Compromise of 1850 | Satisfied the Northern interests because California would be admitted as a free state and the slave trade would end in Washington D.C. Satisfied the Southern interests because slavery would be allowed in Utah and New Mexico, the Fugitive Slave law was passed and slave holding was allowed in Washington D.C. |
| Fugitive Slave Law | A law stating that all runaway slaves would be forced to be returned to slave owners or face penalties. |
| Uncle Tom's Cabin | A novel published by Harriet Beecher Stowe that painted a picture to the practice of slavery to Northerners that were not informed. Created an abolitionist movement in the North. |
| "Bleeding Kansas" | Following the Kansas- Nebraska Act decision that the people of Kansas and Nebraska would vote to determine the free or slave status of the state, voters from surrounding states flooded the territories to sway the vote. The violent following of John Brown raided Kansas to ensure that the state would be a free state and the disputes they caused are known as "Bleeding Kansas". |
| John Brown's Raid | John Brown was a leading abolitionist that led a small army to inspire rebellion and arm slaves by occupying a federal arsenal in Harper's Ferry. The rebellion was stopped, John Brown was captured and later hung becoming an anti-slavery icon. |
| Frederick Douglas | An abolitionist that encouraged allowing African Americans participation in the Union army to aid in defeating the Confederacy. |
| Henry Clay | Known as the Great Compromiser because he helped create the Missouri Compromise, the Compromise Tariff of 1833, and the Compromise of 1850. |
| Nullification | A legal theory that a state has the right to nullify, or invalidate, any federal law which that state has deemed unconstitutional. |
| Popular Sovereignty | The idea that the people's rule is the principle that the authority of a state and its government is created and sustained by the consent of its people, through their elected representatives (Rule by the People), who are the source of all political power. |
| Dred Scot v. Sandford | A Supreme Court Case that questioned the status of slaves regarding citizenship. Dred Scot had spent time living in a free state but then traveled back to slave territory and began to question his citizenship rights. The courts decided that the federal government did not have the right to decide the citizenship status, making parts of the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional. |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) | Proposed by Senator Douglas (Illinois) and advocated popular sovereignty in Kansas and Nebraska territories (vote by people of territory whether they would be slave or free state). |
| Tariff of Abominations (1828) | 1828 - Also called Tariff of 1828, it raised the tariff on imported manufactured goods. The tariff protected the North but harmed the South; South said that the tariff was economically discriminatory and unconstitutional because it violated state's rights. |
| Wilmot Proviso | 1846 proposal that outlawed slavery in any territory gained from the War with Mexico |
| Battle of Antietam | Civil War battle in which the North suceedeed in halting Lee's Confederate forces in Maryland. Was the bloodiest battle of the war resulting in 25,000 casualties. Leads to Lincoln announcement of Emancipation Proclamation |
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