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US History Midterm
Q2 Comprehensive Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Trade & Economic Opportunities, Political and Religious Freedom, and new Territory/Land were motives for what? | European settlement in the New World |
| Crowded, Dirty, Diseases, Low Food, Dangerous | Conditions for early colonists on the journey to North America |
| Water access for trade and agriculture, fear of the natives, impassable mountains and forests | Reasons early English colonists stayed close to the Atlantic coast |
| Understanding foundations; Learning from past mistakes & successes; gaining diverse perspectives; becoming engaged citizens; making current connections | Reasons to study U.S. History |
| Based on fact | Objective |
| Based on feelings & opinion | Subjective |
| Firsthand accounts by people at the time of an event | Primary Sources |
| Accounts of an event later in time by someone who was not there to witness the event | Secondary Sources |
| Part of the Triangular Trade Route from Africa to the New World that placed enslaved Africans in horrible conditions | Middle Passage |
| The first Africans arrived in which colony? | Jamestown |
| New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut and Rhode Island | New England Colonies |
| New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware | Middle Colonies |
| Maryland, Virginia, North & South Carolina, Georgia | Southern Colonies |
| 1735 case that ruled against censoring the press when it rightly criticizes the government | The Zenger Trial |
| Colonial government plan that first proposed a three branch system | Pennsylvania Frame of Government (1682) |
| The six "roots" of our Liberty Tree | Popular Sovereignty, Compact, Social Contract, Consent of the Governed, Self-Determination, Civil Body Politic |
| What is a "Civil Body Politic"? | Government of/by/for all the people |
| Rhode Island Colony and the Maryland Toleration Act of 1649 promoted what freedom? | Religion |
| The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut expanded what right? | Voting |
| Ben Franklin's proposal for colonial self government in 1754 | The Albany Plan of Union |
| The first system of government for the new United States | The Articles of Confederation |
| The term in the Declaration of Independence that means "obvious" | self-evident |
| The term in the Declaration of Independence that means "cannot be taken away" | unalienable |
| What is the main purpose of government? | to protect natural rights |
| English philosopher who proposed the idea of natural rights | John Locke |
| What citizens should do if their government becomes abusive | Alter or abolish and create a new government |
| The Pilgrims and "strangers" signed this agreement in 1620 for the "general good of the colony". | The Mayflower Compact |
| The House of Burgesses (1619) was the first of this type of government in the colonies | Representative |
| Government type in which citizens vote for representatives | Republicanism |
| Two early conflicts between English settlers and Native Americans in New England | Pequot War & King Philip's War |
| Member of a state or nation | Citizen |
| Actions of a citizen to benefit their community | Civic Virtue |
| Making decisions that help keep the community safe, fair, and successful so people can live and grow together. | Common Good |
| Opening statement of the Constitution | Preamble |
| Reason for the Constitution as stated in the Preamble | In order to form a more perfect Union |
| To do what is right | justice |
| Word in the Preamble meaning "peace" | tranquility |
| Word in the Preamble meaning "future generations" | posterity |
| No power to tax, no common currency, no unified national government | Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation |
| The "Shot Heard 'Round the World" | Battles of Lexington and Concord |
| "Don't fire until you see the whites of their eyes!" | Battle of Bunker Hill |
| The American Army spent a difficult winter at this loctaion in Pennsylvania | Valley Forge |
| "At (this place) the British could not retreat, bottled up by Washington and the French fleet (this guy) surrendered and finally we had won!" | Yorktown--Cornwallis |
| "Now the ride of (this guy) set the nation on its ear" | Paul Revere |
| Citizen Soldiers ready to fight quickly | Minutemen |
| Location for the first battles of the French and Indian War | The Forks of the Ohio River Valley |
| Major American Victory in 1777 that convinced the French to join the War | Saratoga |
| He betrayed the Americans | Benedict Arnold |
| The British imposed taxes on the American Colonies to pay for what war? | The French and Indian War |
| Member of the Powhatan tribe who saved John Smith | Pocahontas |
| Major Cash Crop in Colonial Virginia | Tobacco |
| Replaced tobacco as the main southern cash crop | Cotton |
| Who said, "We are all Republicans: we are all Federalists. We are all Americans."? | Thomas Jefferson (first inaugural address (1801) |
| Who warned the United States to stay away from foreign alliances? | George Washington |
| Which founder was an important voice in having a Bill of Rights added to the Constitution? | George Mason |
| Word for a two-house legislative body | bicameral |
| The role of the Legislative Branch | make laws |
| the role of the Executive Branch | enforce laws |
| the role of the Judicial Branch | decide the rightness of laws |
| the right of the Supreme Court to decide the Constitutionality of laws | Judicial Review |
| Which President approved the Alien and Sedition Acts? | John Adams |
| What was the "scandal" in which three French officials demanded bribes from the American Ambassadors? | The X-Y-Z Affair |
| Shared power between state and national governments | Federalism |
| Plan for the Constitution that favored large states and provided a bicameral legislature | Virginia Plan |
| Plan for the Constitution that favored small tates and provided a unicameral legislature | New Jersey Plan |
| Allows branches of government to watch over each other to ensure none have too much power | Checks and Balances |
| What was the solution that combined the various plans for the Constitution? | The Great Compromise |
| How did the framers of the Constitution deal with the issue of slavery? | The 3/5ths Compromise |
| What can be added to the Constitution to make changes to the document? | Amendment |
| Who is the leader of the Executive Branch? | President |
| George Washington set many patterns for later Presidents to follow. These patterns are also known as what? | Precedents (examples: two terms; being called "Mr. President"; appointing a cabinet) |
| This group believed in a strong national government in charge of the economy | Federalists |
| This group believed in a limited national government that allowed citizens to live freely | Anti-Federalists / Democratic-Republicans |
| The first ten amendments to the Constitution that guarantee essential freedoms such as speech, worship, privacy and legal protection. | Bill of Rights |
| Old English document that is the foundation for natural rights | Magna Carta (1215) |
| Serve on a jury when asked, obey all laws, Sserve in the armed forces when required to, pay taxes to support the services and programs of the government, vote in elections to express their opinion on how the government should be run. | Responsibilities of a citizen |
| Provides protections: to express ideas through speech and the press, to assemble or gather with a group to protest or for other reasons, and to ask the government to fix problems. It also protects the right to religious beliefs and practices. | First Amendment |
| Protects the right to keep and bear arms. | Second Amendment |
| Prevents the government from forcing homeowners to allow soldiers to use their homes. | Third Amendment |
| Bars the government from unreasonable search and seizure of an individual or their private property. | Fourth Amendment |
| Legal protections: A person cannot be tried twice for the same offense; no loss of property without compensation. People have the right against self-incrimination and cannot be imprisoned without due process of law | Fifth Amendment |
| Legal Protections: right to a speedy and public trial, trial by an impartial jury, and to be informed of criminal charges. Witnesses must face the accused, and the accused is allowed his or her own witnesses and to be represented by a lawyer. | Sixth Amendment |
| Extends the right to a jury trial in Federal civil cases. | Seventh Amendment |
| Bars excessive bail and fines and cruel and unusual punishment. | Eighth Amendment |
| Listing specific rights in the Constitution does not mean that people do not have other rights that have not been spelled out. | Ninth Amendment |
| The Federal Government only has those powers delegated in the Constitution. If it isn’t listed, it belongs to the states or to the people. | Tenth Amendment |
| Which colony experienced hardship and a "starving time" because the settlers were unprepared. | Jamestown |
| A person who agrees to work for a period of time to earn their freedom in the colonies | Indentured Servant |
| Economic needs, captured in war, criminals | First reasons for people becoming slaves |
| Stamps and Tea were examples of what policy? | British taxes |
| Economic system that enriched the Mother Country at the expense of the colonies | Mercantilism |
| Radical, pro-independence groups in the colonies | Sons & Daughters of Liberty |
| Midnight party in December, 1773 | Boston Tea Party |
| March 5, 1770 tragedy | The Boston Massacre |
| Colonist that supported liberty | Patriot |
| Colonist that opposed independence | Loyalist |
| Anti-tax cry of the colonists | "No taxation without representation!" |
Created by:
cfernaldDSA
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