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Reading 8.3
Red Scare
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Second Red Scare | Widespread anti-communist hysteria in the United States following WWII that led to the rise of McCarthyism and suspicion of communist activity in Hollywood and the government |
| Loyalty Review Board | Government entity created under President Truman in 1947 to investigate the background of federal employees for communist activity, which resulted in many resignations and firings. |
| Smith Act (1940) | Congressional law that made it illegal to advocate for or teach in favor of the overthrow of the government by force or to belong to an organization with this objective. |
| Dennis et al v. United States | Landmark SCOTUS that upheld the constitutionality of the Smith Act and the convictions of leaders of the American Communist Party under the Smith Act. |
| McCarran Internal Security Act (1950) | Congressional law passed over President Truman’s veto which built on the Smith Act by allowing for the monitoring, investigating and detaining of suspected communists. |
| House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) | Committee of the House of Representatives originally created to seek out Nazis that was reactivated to find and investigate communists. |
| Arthur Miller | Famous American playwright who was accused of being anti-American and used the Salem witch trials as a thinly veiled metaphor for the Second Red Scare in his play The Crucible. |
| The Crucible | Play written by Arthur Miller in which he used the Salem witch trials as a thinly veiled metaphor for the Second Red Scare. |
| South Pacific | Musical written by Rodgers and Hammerstein that was criticized, especially by Southern politicians, as a Communist assault on racial segregation. |
| Whittaker Chambers | Communist who testified to the House Un-American Activities Committee that Alger Hiss was a Communist who had shared secret State Department documents. |
| Alger Hiss | Prominent official in the State Department who had assisted President Franklin Roosevelt at the Yalta Conference and was accused of being a Communist who shared secret documents. |
| Julius and Ethel Rosenberg | American couple controversially accused, convicted and executed for communist activity and operating a spy ring to share nuclear secrets with the Soviets. |
| Joseph McCarthy | Republican senator from Wisconsin who used the growing anti-communist hysteria of the Second Red Scare to grow his political power through many unfounded accusations of communist activity. |
| McCarthyism | Term used to describe the “witch hunt” for communists led by a senator from Wisconsin during the Second Red Scare. |
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