Battle of the Atlantic

Protracted naval conflict over control of shipping lanes in the Atlantic Ocean between German submarines and the navies of the Allies.

Devastating air raids conducted on tactical targets, which blurred the lines between military and civilian targets during WWII as the Axis Powers and the Allies targeted population centers.

U.S. general and the Supreme Commander of Allied Forces during WWII who oversaw the Allied invasion of Europe and eventual victory.

Successful, but violent invasion of Nazi controlled Europe by the Allies at Normandy, which is still the largest amphibious assault in history.

Nazi’s program of genocide against the Jews and other groups during WWII that resulted in the systematic murder of 6 million Jewish civilians and several million non-Jews.

Turning point in the Pacific Theatre of WWII because the United States stopped the Japanese advance and destroyed four Japanese aircraft carriers and 300 planes.

U.S. military strategy in the Pacific Theatre of WWII to only invade strategically important islands that would put the United States within striking distance of Japan.

U.S. general and commander of army units in the Southern Pacific who was driven from the Philippines by the Japanese and famously returned in 1944.

Major naval battle that allowed the United States to reoccupy the Philippines, resulted in the virtual destruction of the Japanese navy and marked the first use of kamikaze pilots by the Japanese.

Japanese pilots who conducted suicide attacks on U.S. ships during WWII to devastating effects.

Major battle of the Pacific Theatre of WWII that involved fierce fighting and high casualty rates, but put U.S. bombers in range of the Japanese mainland for the first time.

Major battle of the Pacific Theatre of WWII on a historically Japanese island that involved fierce fighting and high casualty rates, which caused concerns for an invasion of the Japanese mainland.

J. Robert Oppenheimer

Head scientist of the Manhattan Project, which created the first atomic bombs and helped lead to an American victory in the Pacific Theatre of WWII.

Devastatingly powerful nuclear weapons that were created for the first time through the Manhattan Project and used against the Japanese at Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

First major Japanese city that the United States dropped an atom bomb on during WWII, which resulted in massive destruction in the short and long term.

Second major Japanese city that the United States dropped an atom bomb on during WWII, which resulted in massive destruction in the short and long term.

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WWII: Military

Term	Definition
Battle of the Atlantic	Protracted naval conflict over control of shipping lanes in the Atlantic Ocean between German submarines and the navies of the Allies.
Strategic Bombing	Devastating air raids conducted on tactical targets, which blurred the lines between military and civilian targets during WWII as the Axis Powers and the Allies targeted population centers.
Dwight Eisenhower	U.S. general and the Supreme Commander of Allied Forces during WWII who oversaw the Allied invasion of Europe and eventual victory.
D-Day	Successful, but violent invasion of Nazi controlled Europe by the Allies at Normandy, which is still the largest amphibious assault in history.
Holocaust	Nazi’s program of genocide against the Jews and other groups during WWII that resulted in the systematic murder of 6 million Jewish civilians and several million non-Jews.
Battle of Midway	Turning point in the Pacific Theatre of WWII because the United States stopped the Japanese advance and destroyed four Japanese aircraft carriers and 300 planes.
Island Hopping	U.S. military strategy in the Pacific Theatre of WWII to only invade strategically important islands that would put the United States within striking distance of Japan.
Douglas MacArthur	U.S. general and commander of army units in the Southern Pacific who was driven from the Philippines by the Japanese and famously returned in 1944.
Battle of Leyte Gulf	Major naval battle that allowed the United States to reoccupy the Philippines, resulted in the virtual destruction of the Japanese navy and marked the first use of kamikaze pilots by the Japanese.
Kamikaze	Japanese pilots who conducted suicide attacks on U.S. ships during WWII to devastating effects.
Battle of Iwo Jima	Major battle of the Pacific Theatre of WWII that involved fierce fighting and high casualty rates, but put U.S. bombers in range of the Japanese mainland for the first time.
Battle of Okinawa	Major battle of the Pacific Theatre of WWII on a historically Japanese island that involved fierce fighting and high casualty rates, which caused concerns for an invasion of the Japanese mainland.
J. Robert Oppenheimer	Head scientist of the Manhattan Project, which created the first atomic bombs and helped lead to an American victory in the Pacific Theatre of WWII.
Atomic Bomb	Devastatingly powerful nuclear weapons that were created for the first time through the Manhattan Project and used against the Japanese at Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
Hiroshima	First major Japanese city that the United States dropped an atom bomb on during WWII, which resulted in massive destruction in the short and long term.
Nagasaki	Second major Japanese city that the United States dropped an atom bomb on during WWII, which resulted in massive destruction in the short and long term.

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