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Reading 7.12
WWII: Mobilization
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| War Production Board (WPB) | Government entity created in 1942 to manage war industries during WWII, which saw the government take greater control of the economy. |
| Office of Price Administration (OPA) | Government entity created during WWII that regulated almost every aspect of civilians’ lives by rationing major commodities and freezing prices, wages and rents. |
| Federal Spending | Money the government spends on domestic and foreign programs, which skyrocketed in the United States during WWII. |
| Accumulated Debt | Total amount of money the government owes to its creditors, which skyrocketed in the United States during WWII. |
| War Business and Industry | Companies that benefit from domestic and foreign government spending during war, such as many American companies during WWII, which helped end the Great Depression. |
| War Research and Development | Spending on science typically increases during times of conflict in order to discover and improve technologies to defeat the enemy, such as the Manhattan Project during WWII. |
| Manhattan Project | Top secret military research project during WWII which led to the creation of the first atomic weapons. |
| Office of War Information | Government propaganda agency created during WWII that controlled military news shared with the public and created media to garner support for the war effort. |
| “the Good War” | Alternative term used to describe WWII that reflects the overall unity behind the war’s democratic ideals and triumph over fascism. |
| Civil Rights | Rights of citizens to political and social freedom and equality, which many African Americans advocated for during WWII as part of the Double V campaign. |
| “Double V” | Civil Rights campaign that many African Americans participated in that involved achieving victory abroad against fascism and victory of equality at home. |
| Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) | Civil rights organization formed in 1942 that was created to work more militantly for African Americans rights. |
| Executive Order 8802 | President Franklin Roosevelt’s executive order to prohibit discrimination in government and in businesses that received federal contracts. |
| Smith v. Allwright | Landmark SCOTUS case that ruled it was unconstitutional to deny membership in political parties to African Americans as a way of excluding them from voting in primaries. |
| Braceros | Mexican farmworkers who under a 1942 international agreement were temporarily allowed to enter the United States during the harvest season without going through formal immigration procedures. |
| Landmark SCOTUS case that controversially upheld the government’s internment policy as justified during wartime. | |
| Rosie the Riveter | Media icon of WWII used to encourage women to take defense industry jobs and has since become a symbol of female empowerment. |
| Wartime Solidarity | New sense of camaraderie between various racial, ethnic and religious groups in the United States as they came together to support the war effort in WWII. |
| Wartime Migrations | Movement of different racial, ethnic and religious groups in the United States to fill defense industry jobs, which helped soften regional differences and spread awareness of discrimination. |
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