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AP World 5.1, 5.2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| The Enlightenment | a shift from superstition and religious ideas to logical and reasonable ideas; minimized religion in public life. |
| Nationlism | intense loyalty to your people |
| Francis Bacon | idea of empiricism |
| empiricism | knowledge comes from observed experience; experiments will lead the way |
| Thomas Hobbes | argued that humans were terrible and needed a government to rule us. Wrote Leviathan in 1651 |
| John Locke | wrote the Two Treatises on Government in 1690; similar ideas to Hobbes but believed the government owed us and could be overthrown |
| Philosophes | groups of writers and thinkers that had new ways to look at the world in politcal, economic, and social ways; primarly French |
| Baron Montesquieu | wrote Spirit of Laws in 1748; created 3 branches of government |
| Voltaire | wrote the Candide in 1762; advocated for civil liberties in France |
| Adam Smith | wrote the Wealth of Nations in 1776; opposed mercantilism |
| Laissez-faire | government should reduce influence on economic choice |
| Thomas Paine | wrote the Age of Reason in 1794; idea of Deism |
| Deism | the idea that God is not involved in our everyday life, but God creates the world and we are to figure it out |
| Mary Wollstonecraft | wrote the Vindication of Rights of Woman in 1792; feminist advocate |
| Conservatism | belief in tradition ideas icluding monarchy and religious aspects |
| Liberalism | advocated for natural rights, a constitutional government, and laissez faire economics. |
| Socialism | the means of production should be owned by the workers; popular solution to the Industrial Revolution |
| Fabians | slow process to new ideas; ex: Charles Fourier, Robert Owen |
| Abolitionism | The social reform movement to end slavery immediately |
| Zionism | desire of Jews to establish an independent homeland in the Middle East; Theodor Herzl |
| Dreyfus Affair | 1890 Dreyfus gets suspious activty placed on him because he is Jewish; pushed Zionism forward |
| The AmericanRev | You know this.... |
| French Rev | civil war that challenged the social structure; demanded an end to absolutism. Began from France's debt due to US Rev |
| France's Debt Solution | creates the Calls Estate General composed of nobilty, church officials, and bourgeoisies. 1789 they become a real pariliment. |
| The Storming of Bastille | destruction of the prison seen as the true start of the French Revolution; |
| The Declaration of the Rights of Man | French Declaration of Independence |
| Reign of Terror | by Maximillen began due to the conflict between Republic and Extemists; extremists win. Ends in 1794 with his death. |
| Napolean | self-made himself First Consul, then emperor of France after the Reign of Terror. Conquers all of Europe. |
| Napolean's Military Conquests | in 1812 he retreats from Russia, but in 1814 he is forced into exile. After exile he loses for good at Waterloo |
| Council of Vienna | after Napolean's death, they encircles France and put a king on the throne. |
| Hatian Revolution (simplified) | plantation owners and gens de couleur fight after the gens saw the French Rev. Open warfare from 1791-1804. Then the slaves began to revolt led by Toussaint L'ouverture in 1801. Issued a constitution of equality |
| Toussaint L'Ouverture | leads the slaves in revolt; is arrested by Napolean and dies in jail. |
| Jean-Jacques and Henry Christophe | led the slaves after the arrest of L'Ouverture |
| Battle of Vertieres | 1804, ends the Hatian Rev. France did not recongnize Hatiti's freedom until 1825 after being paid |
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