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Public Policy quiz 9
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| 11.5%; 38 million | Americans in poverty; disproportionately POC |
| welfare state laggard | low spending on social policy; US spends less than comparable nations |
| social insurance programs | social security, unemployment insurance, worker's compensation |
| social assistance programs | means-tested benefits, SNAP, supplemental security income |
| personal social services | counseling, adoption, foster care |
| politics of social policies | vulnerable to political pressures; pressure to preserve/enhance programs |
| social insurance: social security | largest fed expenditure; cash benefits to survivors of workers who die before retirement; disability; unemployment; automatic |
| social security tax | flat tax rate (hurts low-income); all income earners pay same rate til annual limit; all $ collected earmarked for SS benefits only |
| problems of social security | fear of ending career; retirement age = 67 (unfair to manual laborers); incremental adjustments; homemakers after divorce |
| privatizing social security | risky; boost economic growth and savings; political advantages; lift rate of return workers obtain for retirement |
| reforming social security | raise retirement age; reduce benefits for high-income, change cost of living adjustments, apply tax to business/invest. incomes |
| means-tested programs | to qualify, one must pass means-test (can't earn more than certain amount) |
| means-tested programs ideological debates | regarded as handouts; blamed for social disintegration, family breakups, rising rates of urban crime |
| aid to families and dependent children | largest means-tested program; pressure to reform AFDC (harder to access); administered by states; used to regulate behavior |
| major programs - AFDC | stigmatization; punishment for working (no more than 100 hrs a month); family structure (women couldn't receive $ if man there) |
| AFDC became | PRWORA in 1996; Clinton |
| PRWORA | emphasized work and limited time ppl could receive assistance; Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation |
| provisions of PRWORA | work-oriented program w/ temp benefits; restriction of eligibility; demands for work |
| provisions of PRWORA ctd | limited benefits to immigrants; enforcement of child support; implementation by states; lack of childcare = issue |
| consequences of PRWORA reform | reduces number of recipients; implemented during good economy; consequences of time limits (e.g. getting jobs but bad) |
| impact of economic crises | severe strain on programs; number of recipients increased and funds reduced; in 2012 60% of poor adults weren't working |
| additions to TANF | Obama; emergency fund added; funding for subsidized employment and supported program in times of high demand |
| alternatives to help ppl w/ income support | negative income tax based on family size (ppl earning below min wage get rebate or subsidy); child support; full employment |
| persistence of poverty in US | poverty rate not uniform across population; official definition of poverty, changes in definition |
| homeless definition | lack of permanent housing |
| homelessness | large numbers not included; live in margins of society; often w/out gov benefits |
| reasons for homelessness | reduced subsidized housing; changes in mental institutions; chemical dependency; increase in home mortgage foreclosures |
| social problem of homelessness | no policy to cope; factors like mental illness and addiction hard to fix; stigma and controversy; helped more by private orgs than gov |
| McKinney Act | authorizes several types of emergency assistance (housing, food, healthcare, addiction treatment) |
Created by:
lector_noche
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