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AP hug 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Culture | Shared practices, technologies, behaviors, and attitudes shared by a society and passed down over time ex- in Japan, removing your shoes before entering someones home is a coon custom that shows respect to the host |
| Architecture | Art and science of designing and constructing buildings and structures preserves history, adapts to the environment, and shapes social interactions. |
| Cultural relativism | the evaluation of a culture solely by its unique standards ex-countries like Mexico and thailand often eat bugs, as they are believed to be seen as nutrition, but are also seen as disgusting in other western cultures. |
| Ethnocentrism | the tendency of ethnic groups to evaluate other groups according to preconceived ideas originating from their own culture ex -a person believing their way of eating is superior to others |
| Cultural landscape | the human imprint on the landscape; offers clues about cultural practices and priorities, both past and present ex- terraced rice fields in Asia, the great wall of china |
| linguistic characteristics | the features of a language, such as vocabulary, grammar, pronunciation, and common expressions, that define how its speakers communicate ex- American English vs British English |
| sequent occupancy | the concept that landscapes evolve over time as new cultures arrive and leave their mark, each adding to the layers of human influence. ex- New Orleans, where french, Spanish, African, and American have all left their marks on the city's buildings, etc |
| traditional architecture | building styles that are native to a specific region or culture and have been passed down through generations. ex- American southwest; they're built with thick adobe walls to keep cool in the dessert heat =, using materials readily available in the area |
| postmodern | style that emerged in the late 20th century as a reaction against the sleek, minimalist designs of modern architecture. ex- Portland building in Portland Oregon; incorporates a variety of colors, classic motifs, and decorative elements. |
| land use patterns | spatial arrangement of different activities and land uses within a given area ex- usually finding residential areas, industrial zones, and parks in a city. |
| ethnicity | a way people identify themselves and others based on these shared characteristics. ex- china town in SF, little Italy in NYC are neighborhoods where people of Chinese and Italian have created communities that reflect their unique cultural traditions. |
| gender | social construct referring to the roles, behaviors, expressions and identities of individuals in society. ex- stereotypes illustrate how gender roles can influence people's opportunities and expectations. |
| ethnic neighborhood | geographic area with a high concentration of people from the same ethnicity, where they maintain their cultural traditions -boys and girls are raised differently through different toys, expectations, and opportunities. lead to different and interests |
| indigenous community | groups of people who have historical ties to a particular territory and maintain distinct cultural and social practices ex- shops selling traditional Irish goods is a place where immigrants can connect with their heritage and share with others |
| sense of place | the emotional and subjective attachment people have to specific locations, shaped by their experiences, memories, and cultural backgrounds ex-familiar atmosphere, baristas knowing your order, and the memories you've made at Starbucks |
| place making | collaboratively creating public spaces that promote peoples health, happiness, and well being. ex-a community coming together to transform an empty lot into a vibrant park with gardens, benches, and a playground. |
| centripetal force | a force that unites a people |
| centrifugal force | a force that divides groups of people |
| relocation diffusion | people move from one place to another, bringing their culture ideas, and practices with them to their new location immigrants moving to a new country and sharing their new traditions, food, and language with their local community |
| expansion diffusion | Cultural traits spread outward from the source without the physical movement of people. ex- Scandinavians brought Lutheran faith to midwest ethnic enclave bring food and languages |
| contagious diffusion | Rapid, widespread diffusion of a trait through direct contact ex-social media music |
| hierarchical diffusion | spread of culture outward from places/ persons of authority fashion originating in major cities (NY, Paris) Christianity spreading during the age of imperialism |
| stimulus diffusion | when an underlying idea behind a cultural trait stimulates a new innovation ex-intro to fast food that is then modified to fit into regions culture |
| creolization | different cultures mix and blend together to create something new. ex- Louisiana creole cuisine, which blends french, Spanish, African, and native america cooking styles into something new |
| lingua franca | common language used by people who speak different native languages, so they can communicate with each other ex- English because any people around the world use it to communicate in the business world. |
| colonialism | one country takes control over another territory. ex- the British colonization of India, where Britain controlled India for economic and political gain |
| imperialism | a country extends its power and influence over other territories through diplomacy or military force -european powers colonized African territories in the late 19th century |
| trade | exchange of goods or services. ex-silk road and the Colombian exchange |
| urbanization | process by which rural areas become urban, leading to the growth of cities. rapid growth in cities like london during the industrial revolution. |
| globalization | process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale. ex- the ride of multinational corporations like Mcdonalds. |
| time- space convergence | reduction in the relative distance between places as a result of advancements in transportation and communication technologies. ex- the development of the internet, which allows for instant communication between people across the globe. |
| cultural convergence | theory that two cultures will be more and more like each other ad the interactions increase ex- worldwide popularity of American fast food chains. |
| cultural divergence | tendency for cultures to become increasingly dissimilar with time ex- increasing differences between North and south Korea since their division after the Korean war. |
| language | structured system of communication based on speech, gesture sign, or often writing. |
| language family | group of languages related through descent from a common ancestor. - Indo European language family includes Spanish English Hindi and Russian |
| language dialect | regional or social variety of a language distinguished by population, grammar, and vocabulary ex- dialect is Appalachian english, spoken in the Appalachian region of the United States. has unique pronunciations and vocab compared to standard American en |
| cultural hearth | region where new ideas and innovations originate and spread to other parts of the world ex- mesopotamia in the middle east is known as the cradle of civilization for developing agriculture, writing, and urban societies |
| Indo European language family | large group of languages native to Eurasia |
| toponym | place name; helps define what is unique about a place NYC The Carolina s Coconut Creek |
| universalizing religion | a religion that attempts to appeal to all people, regardless of location or culture. ex- Christianity, Islam, Buddhism |
| Christianity | religion centered on the life and teaching of Jesus christ. based on the Bible and emphasizes the love of God, the importance of moral behavior, and the promise of eternal life. |
| Islam | monotheistic religion centered on the belief in one God, Allah, a the teachings of the prophet Muhammad as revealed in the Quran. submission to Gods will, prayer, charity, fasting, and pilgrimage to mecca. |
| Buddhism | religion and philosophy centered on the teachings of Buddha. emphasized concepts like mindfulness, meditation |
| sikhism | monotheistic religion that originated in the Punjab region of India. |
| ethnic religion | religion closely associated with a particular ethnic group or culture. ex Judaism, which is closely linked to the Jewish people and their history. |
| Hinduism | diverse religion oriniating in India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation, karma, and the worship of multiple deities. |
| Judaism | ancient monotheistic religion emphasizing ethnical behavior, law , and tradition |
| acculturation | process of cultural and psychological change that results when different cultures come into continuous first hand contact. ex- immigrants adopt aspects of the culture of their new country |
| assimilation | process by which a person or a groups culture comes to resemble those of another group ex- immigrants fully integrate into a new society. |
| syncretism | marching of different religions, cultures, or schools of thought ex- blending African religious beliefs with Catholic saints in some afro-Caribbean religion. |
| multiculturalism | coexistence of diverse cultural or ethnic groups within a society ex- Canada, where the gov has policies to support and celebrate the diverse cultures of its citizens |
| li | li |
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